【作者】 柏光明；

【导师】 许仕荣； 邱振华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在充分综述国内外相关文献的基础上，通过试验，研究了生物过滤对饮用水中的有机物、氨氮、铁和锰的去除效果，影响因素和生物膜在滤池中的分布规律。结果表明，生物过滤可有效地去除饮用水中有机物、氨氮和浊度。当水温为6～12℃、EBCT为6.75min时，活性炭、石英砂双层滤料生物滤柱对TOC、COD_Mn和UV₂₅₄的平均去除率分别为33.1％、58.6％和64.0％；在同样的水温和EBCT条件下，当进水氨氮浓度为1.07mg／L时，对氨氮的平均去除率为89.7％；生物过滤与常规过滤一样可产生低浊度的出水和具有较长的过滤周期，但生物滤池的水头损失比采用同样尺寸滤料的常规滤池的水头损失大，而且增长较快；在生物滤柱内，不同滤料附着的生物膜量不同，活性炭滤料表面附着的生物膜量明显多于无烟煤和石英砂滤料；生物膜量随水流方向自上而下逐渐减少，与滤层内TOC浓度沿滤层深度逐渐减少一致；生物膜在滤料表面以菌胶团形式存在；生物过滤效果受滤料介质、EBCT、水温、反冲洗以及滤池关闭等多方面因素的影响；由活性炭、石英砂组成的双层滤料生物滤柱对有机物的去除效果比由无烟煤和石英砂等滤料组成的生物滤柱好；随着EBCT或水温的增加，生物过滤对有机物的去除率增加；加氯水反冲洗对生物过滤具有明显的负面影响；短期的滤池关闭对生物过滤影响很小，长期的滤池关闭对生物过滤有一定影响，但在几天内可得到恢复。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of summarizing the related references home and abroad, a great many of the experiments had been done to study removal results of organic matter, ammonia and turbility, influence factors and distribution trends of the biofilm in the drinking-water biofilters. The results of experiments indicated the biofiltration could remove organic matter, ammonia and turbility effectively. When water temperature was 7~9℃ and empty bed contact time (EBCT) was 6.75min, removal rates of TOC, COD and UV in the GAC-sand biofilter were 33.1%, 58.6% and 64.0% respectively. Under the conditions of the same water temperature and EBCT removal rate of ammonia was 71.8% when influent ammonia was 1.07 mg/L. Biofilters, the same as conventional filters, could produce the effluent with low turbility and has longer filtration cycle time.But water head loss of the biofilters was bigger than that of conventional filters with the same filter media, and had faster growth rate. In the biofilters different filter media had different biomass quantity, and the biomass quantity of the GAC media surface was obviously more than that of the anthracite or quartz sand media surface. The biomass in the biofilters decreased gradually from the top layer to the bottom layer along water flow direction, which coincided with the change trend of TOC concentration. The biofilm on the media surface mainly existed in the form of zoogloea. Some factors such as filter media, EBCT, water temperature, backwash and filter closedown had some effect on the results of the biofilters on organic matter removal. The filters with GAC and quartz sand media could reach higher organic matter removal rate than the filters with anthracite or quartz sand media. As water temperature or EBCT increased removal rates of the biofilters on organic matter increased. Backwashing with chlorinated water had negative effect on the biofilm obviously. Short-term shutdown of biological filters had little effect. Long-term shutdown had some effect, but could be restored in a few days after restarting the biofilters更多还原