【作者】 赵强；

【导师】 张凤华；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以新疆准噶尔盆地的石河子绿洲和古尔班通古特沙漠为对象开展工作,研究沙漠增温效应影响下绿洲热量资源的时空分异特点、规律及其对绿洲农作物的影响。鉴于绿洲的典型空间相似性,本研究具有广泛的代表性和很强的示范意义,研究结果有助于详细了解、精确把握沙漠增温影响下绿洲热量资源的分布特点、规律,为绿洲区热量资源的合理开发利用,更好的发展绿洲特色农业及进一步认识沙漠的生态价值提供了参考。文中从时空角度分析了沙漠增温影响下绿洲的热量分布特点、变化规律等,阐述了沙漠对绿洲增温效应的现象和机理,并提出沙漠增温系数(Z)的概念和计算方法。Z可反映沙漠对与其相邻的特定地理位置的绿洲热量影响敏感程度,表征沙漠对其周边绿洲增温的方向,很好地解释了沙漠和绿洲间的热量联系及沙漠本身的效应。借助沙漠增温系数,本文建立了绿洲主要热量要素的估算模型,模拟效果良好,可以相对动态的估算不同时空绿洲区域的热量状况。结合绿洲热量时空分布,分析了沙漠增温效应对绿洲农作物(以棉花为例)的温度适宜性和热量生产潜力的影响,得出沙漠增温效应对两者的影响较明显,石河子绿洲各地棉花在播期的温度适宜度最低,吐絮期较低,苗期的温度适宜度较高,蕾期和花铃期的适宜度最高,随绿洲与沙漠距离的增加,棉花各生育期的温度适宜性在减小;沙漠增温效应有效范围内绿洲与沙漠的距离平均每增加10Km,热量生产潜力约下降43Kg/hm~2;在热量不能很好满足棉花生长需要时,沙漠增温在一定程度上补给了棉花在生理热量上的需求,对相邻绿洲区的农业生产有着正面影响,起到了除太阳外第二个热量源的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In arid land of Xinjiang, due to the improving temperature effect of desert in warm period, the heat resource of oasis, which is in the neighborhood of the desert, is superior to the others. Taking Shihezi Oasis and Gurbantunggut Desert, located in Junggar Basin of northern Xinjiang, as examples, this study analyzed the change laws of oasis heat resource influenced by improving temperature effect of desert. In view of the similarities of oases, the research can be regarded as the demonstrations of analogous areas. The results are helpful to the analysis and calculation of the oasis heat resource influenced by improving temperature effect of desert, and offer reference for the proper development and utilization of oasis heat resource and the re-understanding of ecological value of desert.It analyzed the distributional characteristics and change rule of oasis heat resource influenced by desert, expounded the mechanism and the feature of the improving temperature effect of desert, and introduced the content and estimation of coefficient of improving temperature of desert: Z. Z shows the sensitivity and direction of improving temperature effect of desert, interprets the relations between desert and oasis and the effects of desert fairly well. On the basis of researches of the spatial and temporal distribution of heat resources, the impacts of improving temperature effect on the agricultural production in the oases were analyzed. And it was found that both the temperature suitability and heat potential productivities of cotton were apparently affected by the improving temperature effect of desert. The temperature suitability was very low in sowing stage and boll opening stage, especially in sowing stage, higher in bud period and highest in flowering boll-forming stage. The farther the oasis is from the desert, the lower the temperature suitability of every stage is. And the heat potential productivities of cotton are various in different regions. The total potential production in the nearest region to the desert was 389 Kg/hm2 higher than the farthest ,and on average 43Kg/hm2 was reduced every 10Km farther. When the heat resource was not plenteous enough for plant development of cotton, the improving temperature effect of desert could serve as a remedy to the heat condition. So the desert has a positive effect on agriculture of the neighborhood in the warm period, and performs as a heat source that is only second to the sun.更多还原