【作者】 杨雷；

【导师】 王关林；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 植物寒害对农业生产有很大的影响，寒害大规模爆发严重影响农作物的产量和品质，造成很大的经济损失，因而研制出实用有效的抗寒药剂显得尤为迫切。植物可以通过诱导产生抗寒性，低聚糖是一种有效的诱导子，可以诱导植物防卫反应的发生。本文以海带为材料，制备低聚岩藻多糖(FO)，用于诱导植物抗寒性的研究，结果如下： (1)从海带中用酸提-乙醇沉淀法得到岩藻多糖粗品，经DEAE-纤维素离子交换层析纯化，得岩藻多糖纯品。岩藻多糖纯品用稀盐酸部分降解，降解产物经过SephdexG-25凝胶过滤，得到平均聚合度为8—20的低聚岩藻多糖。 (2)用0.01-0.1％浓度范围内的低聚岩藻多糖浸种，提高了白菜、玉米及番茄种子的发芽率、发芽指数、苗高、苗鲜质量及活力指数，其中0.1％低聚岩藻多糖作用效果最佳。但随着浓度的升高，作用效果与低浓度的相反，抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长。 (3)0.01％-0.2％浓度范围内的低聚岩藻多糖处理后，均能提高植物幼苗的抗寒性，低聚岩藻多糖的不同水平之间对提高植物幼苗抗寒性的效应存在着差异，作用效果最佳的是0.1％低聚岩藻多糖。 (4)三种植物幼苗的抗寒性对同一药剂的敏感性不同，对0.1％的低聚岩藻多糖而言，白菜的敏感性最强、其次是玉米、最后是番茄。 (5)低聚岩藻多糖主要是通过提高细胞保护酶POD、SOD活性，降低叶片细胞膜脂的氧化程度，减少氧化产物MDA的积累，提高可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量，缓解叶片细胞叶绿素的降解，降低质膜透性来增强玉米幼苗的抗寒性。 (6)正交实验确定低聚岩藻多糖抗寒诱导的最佳条件为：0.1％FO+60mg／LABA复合处理，药物处理时间为三天。 (7)0.1％FO+60mg／LABA复合处理比这两种药剂单一处理都更能提高植物的抗寒性，且复合处理的玉米幼苗在0℃低温胁迫3d后，经室温恢复可正常生长。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chilling stress offen occur in agriculture, which cause a drastic declive in yield and quality of crops, and make large of loss, so it is urgent to study the cold resistant mechanism of crops and manufacture an available cold resistant drug for crops. Exogenous materials can improve cold-resistance capability of plants. In this paper .fucoidan oligosaccharide were prepared and its abilities of eliciting the cold-resistance capability of crops were studied.(l)Fucoidan were exacted by acid from browm alga (Laminarin Japomica), and were perifide by ethanlo and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatogragh. The fucoidan was partial hydrolyzed with HCl.The products were isolated and desposited by ethanol, fucoidan oligosaccharide with average degree of polymerization 8-20 were further separated through sephdexG-25 gel filtration.(2)The effect of fucoidan oligosaccharide on crops seeds germination were studied. The results show that 0. 01%-0.1% fucoidan oligosaccharide solution on the crops can increase germinating pecemtage, germinating index and vigor index of cabbage maize tomato seedlings. 0. 1% fucoidan oligosaccharide solution is the best.(3)0.01%-0.2% fucoidan oligosaccharide solution all can incress cold-resistance capability of plants, the effect of different standard of the same drug are different. 0.1% fucoidan oligosaccharide solution is the best.(4)The cold-resistance susceptivity of different crops of the same drug are different. As far as 0.1% fucoidan oligosaccharide, first one is cabbage, nest is maize, the last is tomato.(5)Fucoidan oligosaccharide to improve the ability of crops cold resistance mainly by enhancing the activity of POD and SOD, decreasing pxidation of cell membrane and its pruduct MDA, increasing the comtent of dissolubility protein and soluble sufar, reducing the decomposite speed of chlorophyll and the leakage of electrotytes decrease.更多还原