【作者】 杨俊林；

【导师】 盛孝邦；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以盾叶薯蓣无性繁殖植株为供试材料，调查了盾叶薯蓣的性别类型，对盾叶薯蓣的开花习性进行了细致的观察，调查了性别在无性繁殖过程中的变化情况，使用外源激素对植株的性别表现进行了调控试验。得到的主要结论如下： 1．盾叶薯蓣歼花植株共有6种性别类型，即雄株、雌株、雌雄同株异茎、雌雄同茎异枝、雌雄同枝异序和雌雄同序异花。后四种类型又可合称为雌雄同株。 2．盾叶薯蓣的花具有典型的单子叶植物花的特征，花基数为3。雌花留有雄蕊退化的痕迹，雄花开花即散粉。 3．盾叶薯蓣雌株在始花后第4天左右达到第1次开花高峰，雄株在始花后第7-8天达到第1次开花高峰；雄株在开花过程中一般有2次开花高峰，而雌株只有70％左右的植株有2次开花高峰。大多数居群内雄株平均比雌株早开花3-4天。 4．不同盾叶薯蓣居群引种到长沙种植后，在开花习性上存在差异，而且原生长地之间气候条件等因素相差越大，开花习性上的差异也就越大，主要体现在始花时间上。由于各居群的盛花期较长，所以各居群的花期均能相遇。盾叶薯蓣的开花强度与温度呈正相关，与空气相对湿度呈负相关。 5．性别在无性繁殖过程中大部分都能够保持稳定，不同株系的性别在无性繁殖过程中的稳定性有差异，有少数株系的性别在无性繁殖过程中稳定性很强，可以作为盾叶薯蓣雌、雄性系选育的原始材料。 6．植物外源激素6-BA和IAA可以从盾叶薯蓣雄株上诱导出雌花；GA₃对盾叶薯蓣的生殖生长起阻抑作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vegetative reproduction plants of Dioscorea zingiberensis are used as experimental material in this research . The sex type of Dioscorea zingiberensis and change of sex in vegetative reproduction process are investigated. External hormone are used on the regulative experiment to adult plant’s sex performance, and the habits of blossoming are carefully observed. The main conclusions are following.1. Dioscorea zingiberensis have six kind of sexe types, namely male plant, female plant, monoecism in different stem, female and male in the same stem with different branch, female and male in the same branch with different inflorescence and female and male in the same inflorescence with different flower. The latter four kind of types may be called as monoecism.2.The flower of Dioscorea zingiberensis has the typical characteristic of monocotyledon, the basic number of flower is 3. The female flower keeps the trace which the stamen degenerates, when the male flower blossoms the powder disperses.3. The 1st time blossoming peak of Dioscorea zingiberensis female plant appears during the 4th days after the plant begin to blossom, the male plant achieve the 1 st time blossoming peak during the 7-8th day after the plant begin to blossom; The male plant have generally 2 time blossoming peaks in the blossoming process, but only 70% female plants have 2 time blossoming peaks.In the majority populations, the male plant bagin to blossom early for 3-4 days compared to femalein in average.4.After the different Dioscorea zingiberensis populations are introduced to Changsha, they are different in the blossoming habit, moreover the climatic condition’s difference of original growth places is bigger, the difference of blossoming habits is bigger too, mainly manifested in the beginning time of blossoming . Because every population’s stage of full bloom is long , therefore every population’s flowering season can meet mutually. The blossoming intensity of Dioscorea zingiberensis has positive correlation with the temperature, and have negative correlation with the relative air humidity.5.The sex of majority of all plant can maintain stably, the sex stability of different plant lines in the vegetative reproduction process has variance, the sex stability of the minority lines are very strong which are raw material in female line and male line breeding.6. Plant external hormone 6-BA and IAA may induce the female flower from the Dioscorea zingiberensis male plant; GA3 depresses the reproductive growth of Dioscorea zingiberensis .更多还原