【作者】 王毅；

【导师】 漆燕玲；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 作物遗传与育种学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 半夏(Pinellia ternata(Thunb．)Breit)属天南星科多年生草本植物，是一种常用中药材，具有燥湿化痰，降逆止呕，消痞散结之功能，主治咳嗽、气喘痰多、反胃呕吐等症。我省天水和陇南地区是半夏生长种植的适宜区，种植半夏给当地农民带来了良好的经济效益。但半夏生产中长期依赖采挖野生半夏块茎作种用，致使近年来半夏野生资源濒临枯竭，市场上种茎短缺，种植面积连年锐减，正在逐渐失去可持续发展的能力。因此急需建立半夏良种繁育体系，为生产提供优质种茎。 采用种子繁殖可以有效地进行品种提纯复壮，保持种性，提高植株生活力，延长品种的使用年限。本研究通过对我省名贵中药材半夏种子形态特征的观察分析和种子萌发过程中所需外界环境条件，贮藏期间生活力变化情况的试验测定，深入探讨了半夏种子的形态结构和萌发过程、温度和激素对半夏种子萌发的影响以及贮藏方式和贮藏时间对半夏种子寿命的影响，旨在寻找有效保存半夏种质资源以及提高半夏种子发芽率和发芽势的方法。研究结果表明： 半夏种子质地较硬，种皮浅绿色，厚约0.1mm。胚小棒状，透明、胶状。胚一端膨大，无明显分化的胚根、胚芽和子叶。胚乳质地较硬，细胞特化为储藏细胞，用于储藏物质，其储藏物质主要为淀粉。整个胚包埋在胚乳中，种子种胚乳为主要部分，占71.4％，种皮占28.28％，胚仅占0.32％。成熟半夏种子的含水量较低(7.21％)，比较容易贮藏；吸水迅速，可以快速萌发，不属于顽拗性种子。在适宜的温、湿度条件下，播种8天后就开始萌发生出胚根，15天后就可长出第一片真叶。 采用温汤浸种可有效提高半夏种子的发芽率和发芽势，发芽的适宜温度为20-25℃，属于中温萌发型。浸种的适宜温度为35℃。用35℃温水浸种，在25℃温度条件下，种子的发芽率可达到93％；用适当浓度的激素处理对半夏种子萌发，特别是发芽势有明显的促进作用。其中500ppm的赤霉素(GA)处理可以使半夏种子的发芽率达到85％，发芽势较不处理提高23个百分点。500ppm的生长素(IAA)处理可使半夏种子的发芽率达到82.33％，800ppm的细胞分裂素(BA)处理可使半夏种子的发芽率达到82.67％；随着储藏时间的延长，半夏种子的发芽能力和活力呈缓慢下降趋势。采用低温沙藏方式保存种子，在一定程度上可以延长半夏种子的寿命。低温沙藏12个月后，种子的发芽势仍可达到71.33％，发芽率可达82.33％，发芽指数达到8.0733，均明显高于其它储藏方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit is perennial grass of Araceae. Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit is the most commonly used Chinese medicine herb, which has the function of dry wet, convert phlegm, lowering athwart and stopping vomit, removing ruffian and dispeling vinculum, and is used in coughing, asthma, excessive phlegm, nausea, vomit.The growth and planting of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit is adaptable in Tianshui and Longnan district of our province. The planting of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit brings benign economic benefits to local farmers. Long-term gathering of wild tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit dries up the wild resources in recent years. There is a shortage of tubers for planting in the market, the planting area decreases year by year, Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit is losing the ability of sustainable development. So it is urgent to establish good breeding system to provide high quality tubers for production.Breeding with seed can effectively purify and rejuvenate cultivars, retain characteristics of spices.It also can improve the vigor of plant; prolong the period of the cultivars. We investigate the configuration of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit seed; analyze the environment condition needed during the germination process. Varying vigor is detected during the period of storage. Configuration and germinating process are discussed; we also articulate how temperature and hormone affect the germination of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit seed, how the storage method and storage time affect the longevity of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit seed. In doing so, we can find the effective way to protect germ plasm of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit, as well as ways to improve sprouting potentiality and sprouting rate. The result indicates that:The seed of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit has rigidity texture, the color of the seedcoat is reseda, the thickness of the seed is 0.1mm.The embryo is like spillikin and small, transparency and mucuslike, bigger on one end, there is no distinct differentiation of radical, embryo, cotyledon. Endosperm is harder, the sell is characterized as storage sell, and is used to store substances, the main storage substance is starch. The whole embryo is embedded in endosperm. The endosperm is the main body of the seed, accounting for 71.4%, the seedcoat 28.28%, the embryo 0.32%. The water moisture of mature Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit更多还原