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甚长波量子阱红外探测器光耦合性能研究

Study on Optical Coupling Performance of Very Long-Wavelength Quantum Well Infrared Photodectors

【作者】 于绍欣

【导师】 郭方敏;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 微电子与固体电子学, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)在过去的几年中得到了迅速的发展。和传统材料HgxCd1-xTe制备的红外探测器相比,量子阱红外探测器可以形成大面积、低功耗、低成本、高均匀性和高灵敏度的焦平面列阵(FPA)成像系统。在线性阵列和焦平面阵列的快速发展,显示了QWIP技术在长波红外大面积焦平面阵列和多色成像应用方面的巨大潜力。 但是,对于普遍使用的n型(110)GaAs QWIP,由于量子吸收的选择定则,是不可能对垂直入射的红外辐射进行吸收。所以,为了提高器件的响应率和探测率,必须对QWIP器件的表面做一些特殊结构或器件,譬如45度磨角,一维、二维周期光栅,无序光栅,C-QWIP等。 本论文针对Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物半导体GaAs/AlGaAs超晶格材料构成的制造量子阱红外探测器的电学性能、光耦合性能进行研究和分析,主要内容包括: (1) 根据量子阱红外探测器探测波长的需要,简要地讨论几种超晶格量子阱能级结构计算模型;对GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器的响应率、探测率的影响因素进行初步分析;讨论了量子阱红外探测器暗电流的形成机制,分析器件的暗电流特性。 (2) 量子阱红外探测器对垂直于阱层面的入射光吸收具有禁戒性。只有电矢量垂直于多量子阱生长面的入射光,才能被子带中的电子吸收而从量子阱的基态跃迁到激发态,导致电导率的变化而被器件所探测。为了加深对量子阱带间跃迁红外光吸收特性的了解,优化光耦合设计,我们分析了量子阱子带跃迁与红外辐射的依赖关系,对各种光耦合模式的设计思想,性能及适用范围进行了介绍,基于模态扩展方法、有限时域差分法等理论工具,我们分别对量子阱红外探测器的几种光耦合模式进行了研究,得到器件的光耦合几何参数随响应波长的变化曲线。把此曲线作为优化光耦合模式的依据。内容主要有: (a) 从增加器件的吸收系数角度出发,讨论如何优化磨角光耦合模式的设计。 (b) 甚长波QWIP的二维周期光栅的结构参数以及无序光栅的设计。 (c) 对工艺过程可能造成的影响,譬如刻蚀误差造成的“毛刺”现象、“盆型”光栅以及圆柱形光栅也进行了讨论。 (d) 波纹耦合(C—QWIP)与45度磨角耦合、二维周期光栅的分析比较。本论文的主要创新工作主要有: (1) 在甚长波QWIP(响应波长九=14.7μm)的二维周期光栅的最佳结构参数的计算中涵盖了(0,∞)所有可能阶的衍射波;利用有限时域差分法,模拟量子阱层的光场强度分布情况,给出了甚长波光耦合结构参数的较为理想的设计结果。 (2) 对工艺过程可能造成的影响,如刻蚀底部不平整性、不规则光栅形状等

【Abstract】 In the past several years, the technology of Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP) has been developed rapidly. Compared with the conventional HgxCd1-xTe infrared photodetectors, the QWIP technology values a great superiority in product rate, since it can fabricate an imaging system with large area, low power, low cost, high uniformity and high sensitivity focal plane array (FPA).However, the normal incidence infrared radiation can’t be absorbed in the n type GaAs QWIP which is applied proverbially, because of the select rule of quantum absorption. Therefore, in order to enhance the responsivity and detectivity of the device, we have to fabricate some special structure or device such as edge coupler, grating, random reflector and Corrugated QWIP (C-QWIP).The paper studied the electrics performance and the optical performance of the QWIP fabricated with GaAs/AlGaAs super lattice material. The content includes:(1) We have discussed several computational model of energy level in super lattice quantum well briefly, because of the need of wavelength. We also have made a primary analysis on the responsivity and detectivity of the device. We have discussed the mechanism of dark current in the GaAs QWIP and made some optimization as well.(2) We have introduced the design idea, advancement and limitation of all the optical coupling models and made some exactly study on different coupling model based on model expand method (MEM), and finite element model (FEM). Contents include:(a) How to optimize the design of edge coupling from the investigation of absorption coefficient.(b) The design of the structure parameter of the 2-d grating and random reflector in the QWIP device.(c) Investigate the influence made by some special figure such as basin-shaped grating, ladder-shaped grating and column grating that may be formed in the dry etch progress.(d) Make an analysis and comparison between 45 edge coupler, 2-d grating and C-QWIP.The innovation of this paper includes:(1) Included all the possible diffractive wave from zero to infinitude order, we have calculated the best structure parameter of 2-d grating in very long-wavelength QWIPs.

  • 【分类号】TN215
  • 【被引频次】3
  • 【下载频次】290
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