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边疆屯垦政策实施下的环境变化研究

Study on Environmental Changes by the Policy of the Station Troops to Open up Wasteland

【作者】 赖小云

【导师】 侯甬坚;

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 , 历史地理学, 2006, 硕士

【副题名】以塔里木河中下游地区(1759-1949年)为例

【摘要】 影响环境变化的诸因素中,人类活动是最活跃、最能动的因素;过去,环境变化人文因素的分析多限于一般性的人类社会经济行为上,而对人类社会经济行为背后的相关制度、政策研究还很缺乏;若把环境变化与制度、政策结合起来研究,更有助于深化环境变化研究。因此,环境变化研究中出现了一个新的研究视角,即从制度、政策角度研究区域环境问题。塔里木河流域属于生态环境脆弱的地区,这一地区影响环境变化的因素之一就是历史时期不同制度、政策制约下的屯垦活动,而关于这一地区的屯垦活动、环境变化两个方面的研究成果都比较丰富,为我们从政策角度分析边疆屯垦政策对环境的影响提供了很好的基础。基于此,本文选择1759-1949年塔里木河中下游地区为研究区域,通过收集、整理和分析历史文献中对该地区屯垦活动、自然环境状况的记录,研究屯垦政策在该地区的实施情况,并在此基础上分析以下问题:特定时期的屯垦政策对环境变化有没有影响?若有,这种影响又是怎样的? 全文分为六个部分。 第一部分是绪论。该部分主要是阐述本选题的总体认识和宏观把握,主要介绍选题依据、研究概念界定、相关研究评述和研究思路、方法。 第二部分是塔里木河中下游地区的自然状况。该部分主要介绍研究区的地理位置、光热资源以及地形、绿洲情况,这是开展屯垦与环境变化研究的基础。 第三部分是塔里木河中下游地区(1759-1949年)屯垦政策的演变。该部分以时间为线索,把研究时段分为六个时期,即政策隔离时期——乾嘉时期、政策解禁时期——道咸时期、全面开发时期——光宣时期、民国初期开发——杨增新统治时期、两个三年计划时期——盛世才统治时期、开发设想时期——国民党统治时期,分别阐述每个时期的屯垦政策及其在研究区的实施情况,总结出屯垦政策演变的影响。 第四部分是讨论塔里木河中下游河道变迁。该部分在介绍1921年塔里木河改道的基础上,阐述河流改道的自然因素和人文因素,其中从统计、分析地名资料和档案记载的草湖纠纷入手,重点讨论河流改道的人文因素。最后,对比、分析1896年、1899-1900年、1934年三次塔里木河下游流量的考察数据,对目前研究中常利用《辛卯侍行记》和《新疆图志》中两句有关记载说明清末塔里木河流域大规模开发活动导致了下游径流量的锐减,这一研究观点提出质疑。 第五部分是基于古今屯垦区域空间过程讨论屯垦政策实施的环境效应。该部

【Abstract】 In environmental changes’ factors, the human activity is a most active factor; the analysis on the environmental changes’ factor mostly have been restricted in the general human activities, the research of system and policy related the human activities have been very shortage; If the environmental changes are connected with the policy to study, it will administer to deepen environmental changes’ research. Therefore, it has come forth a new visual angle of the environmental changes’ research, namely the environmental questions were studied from the system and policy angle. The Tarim River basin belongs to the ecological environment frail area, disquisitions on stations troops to open up wasteland active on the area and the environmental changes have quite been rich, which are the quite solid foundation to discuss the influence of the policy to the environmental changes. Based on it, this paper took the Middle and Lower Reaches Tarim River for example from 1759 to 1949, it studied the implementation of the policy by the collection, the reorganization and analysis literature record. If there had been influence of the policy to the environmental changes was discussed? If had been, what this kind of influence was?The thesis made the research into the study on environmental changes by policy . of the station troops to open up the wasteland from the following six aspects:Firstly, it introduced the selected topic basis, Research concept limits, the current research situations.Secondly, it introduced the natural environment of the study area, which is the research’ foundation stations troops to open up wasteland and the environmental variation.Thirdly, it introduced the evolution of the Stations troops to open up wasteland the policy during 1759-1949. The paper made the evolution into six times, which briefly introduces each time’ policy and its implementation process in the research area. It summarized lastly the influence which the policy evolves.Fourthly, it discussed the Middle and Lower Reaches Tarim River’ change. On the basis of introduction of the Tarim River’ change in 1921, the paper discussed the natural factors and human factors of the River’ change. Thereinto, the human factors of the

  • 【分类号】K928.6;K29
  • 【被引频次】4
  • 【下载频次】692
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