【作者】 孟翯巍；

【导师】 刘猷桓；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 科学理论的使命是揭示客观的规律性,描绘真实的自然图景。每一种新的科学理论都对此有所贡献,而重大理论进展将会从某些基本方面改变原有的模式,建立新的自然图景。随着现代科学的发展,几百年来占主导地位的机械自然图景已经不再适用,需要更加全面和深刻的自然图景。混沌理论作为复杂性科学研究中最具影响力的理论之一,其特有的指称、含义及研究内容和方法,对人们的科学和哲学观念产生了多方面、多维度的影响。它正在从许多根本点上改变着旧的自然图景,推动了人类自然观和科学观的发展,必将对未来科学、哲学产生深远的影响。因此,需要对这门科学理论进行哲学上的反思和提升、概括和总结,使我们更好地认识混沌理论和科学地认识自然。本文在概括介绍混沌理论的基础上,阐述了混沌理论所描绘的自然图景,即一个有序与无序、稳定性与非稳定性、确定性与随机性、自相似性与非自相似性辨证统一的新图景,并且深入分析了混沌理论自然图景的意义:丰富和发展了辩证自然图景,推进科学思维从简单性到复杂性的发展,推动科学主导思想从还原论到整体论的转变,促进科学观从线性观到非线性观的转变。更多还原

【Abstract】 The natural view is a picture described by human being as the subject for nature, or the model in human’s mind. Natural phenomena follow the natural orders , which do not depend on human’s will, and need use the pen of science to describe this fabulous view. The mission of science theories is to reveal the objective regulations and paint a real natural picture, and every new scientific theory makes some contribution for it. The natural picture experienced three kinds of forms totally——ancient native natural drawing, modern mechanical natural drawing and contemporary systemic natural drawing. The latter-day mechanical drawing of Newton and Laplace in predominant position was accepted generally by people for more than 300 years. But with the development of science acknowledgement, its suitable scope becomes extremely limited. In the 20th century, two important revolutions in physics—the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics—have overset the absolute space-time view and complete controllability in measure process of Newton respectively. The world needs a more comprehensive and profound picture of nature, because the subsequent founding of complex science theory makes the mechanical pattern even more inapplicable.As one of the most influencing theories in complex science, chaos theory researches chaotic phenomena in our society and nature and shows that chaos is a universal mode of motion in nature. Some new facts and regulations that chaos announces to public inevitably bring about the important influence on the description of natural drawing, and propel the development of the natural view and science view of human. My thesis recapitulate and summarize the chaos theory based upon Marxist dialectical natural view, then reflect and upgrade, generalize更多还原