空间交会对接激光雷达中准直系统设计

【作者】 杨林颖；

【导师】 杨华军；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 光学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 神州六号飞船的成功发射和返回，标志着我国的航天事业进入了大规模开发和利用太空的新阶段。为了开展空间科学试验和应用技术研究，就必须建设永久性空间站。空间交会对接技术是建立空间站的核心技术，而空间交会激光雷达技术又是空间交会中的关键技术。激光雷达要达到高的测量精度和分辨率，提高光能量的利用率，必须要有高效、高波束质量的辐射源。本论文重点对如何产生这种高质量的辐射源进行研究，论文主要内容有： 1) 论证适合于空间交会激光雷达的光源和体制； 根据半导体激光光源(0.85μm)和半导体泵浦固体激光光源(1.06μm)各自的特点和优劣(即前者体积小、重量轻、功耗低，但光束质量差、相干性差；后者在相干性和光束质量上有一定优势，但功耗、体积较大。)，选取系统需求的最佳光源。 2) 高波束质量激光的产生； 由于激光雷达对光束质量的要求较高，因此研究激光准直和整形技术，特别是对半导体激光光源的出射的椭圆光束进行处理。满足高质量光束要求设计光路，并考虑空间应用的特殊性，设计小型化、实用化的三组准直系统，通过在ZEMAX里的优化设计，使半导体激光器出射的椭圆光斑准直整形为圆型光斑。 3) 确定测试方案对加工好的准直系统进行测试； 采用CCD测量光束束宽，用光束质量检测仪对准直后的光束进行测试。最后选择两点法计算准直后发散角为1.2-1.3mrad，达到了项目所规定的指标。 4) 分析测试结果，对可能存在的误差分析。 通过对影响准直后光束质量的误差进行分析，确定系统调整的允许范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 That, the successful launch and return of Shenzhou-VI spacecraft, marks our aerospace technology has entered the large-scale exploitation and utilization of outer space. In the near future, the technology is directly expected to serve for national economy. In order to develop the outer space experiments and its application researches, it is crucial to build a permanent space station, where rendezvous and docking technique plays an important role among it. Meanwhile, the rendezvous Lidar is the key element of rendezvous and docking. There must be a high-efficient and good-quality beam if Lidar works precisely and distinguishably. How to produce such a good beam is the aim of this paper. The main contents include:1) Choosing the proper laser for rendezvous Lidar;According to the characteristics of semiconductor laser with 0.85μm and solid state laser pumped by semiconductor with 1.06 μm, we choose SDL2300 laser diode as our design and experiment laser.2) Producing good quality beam;As Lidar needs good quality beam, it is necessary to study beam collimation and shaping technique especially for the elliptical facula of semiconductor lasers. At the same time, the elements of collimation should be miniature and practical for the outer space application. We design ray path for collimators with geometric theory, and optimize in optical software ZEMAX.3) Selecting right test method and using Photon 2350BeamProfiler to detect the collimation beam. After calculation the angle of divergence is a desired goal about 1.2-1.3mrad.4) Analyzing the experiment results and the imaginable error.更多还原