【作者】 田秀华；

【导师】 马建章；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文基于多年来对东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)迁地保护的研究基础上,结合北方地区气候条件,对其笼养繁殖进行了系统的研究,通过试验研究气候条件、食物营养、人工捡卵方式、人工孵化以及育雏等方面对其繁殖成功的影响。并采用瞬时取样法和扫描取样法(instantaneous and scan sampling)相结合进行连续记录采样(time sampling),并结合全事件记录法(all occurrence samling),记录其成年个体与幼体的行为类型。统计所得数据利用Excel和spss12.0进行统计分析。 建立笼养条件下东方白鹳成体和幼体较为详细的行为谱。结论如下: 东方白鹳繁殖期与非繁殖期的食物摄取量有显著差异(p<0.05)繁殖期的取食量远远高于非繁殖期。且在不同的温度条件下食物摄取量的变化也很大,摄食量随温度的降低而增加。东方白鹳的发情时间与气候条件有很大关系,首次交尾和产卵时温度多集中-10～-15℃。在整个繁殖季节内,各种行为活动时间分配比例分别为站立行为49.4%、繁殖行为19.7%、理羽行为8.9%、取食行为6.4%、修巢行为5.7%、打嘴行为5.7%、游走行为4.3%。人工捡卵时卵龄与出雏成功率有一定负相关性(r=-0.393,p<0.05),卵龄与产卵量极显著负相关(r=-0.848,p<0.01),卵龄与产卵期显著负相关(r=-0.653,p<0.05)。 孵化的技术关键是温、湿度,试验结果表明孵化前中期温度保持在37.5～37.8℃,相对湿度为50～55%时孵化结果较好,孵化后期温度下降至36.5～37℃,湿度上升至55～60%。 雏鸟1周龄时初级飞羽(p)、次级飞羽(s)、肩覆羽均为黑色羽芽,无尾羽;两周龄时尾羽为白色绒羽;52～72日龄初级飞羽(p)、次级飞羽(S)、肩覆羽由蓝黑色的羽轴和白色的成羽组成;72日龄以后羽轴不断脱落,成羽不断生长为白色,尾羽为白色羽毛;东方白鹳的三级飞羽始终为白色,羽轴血管丰富,其羽毛参差不齐生长无规律;92日龄以后,羽毛停止生长,颜色与成体相同。雏鸟体长第1周生长最缓慢,第4周和第5周生长最快。第7周以后生长速度放慢,三个月以后不再生长。雏鸟的体重在一月龄生长较快,而且体重增长与喂食量有一定关系,受人为影响较大。东方白鹳为晚成鸟,刚出壳全身裸露,自我调节能力很差,恒温调节能力的发育随着日龄的增长而逐步完善。东方白鹳幼鸟恒温能力发育的过程可分为三个时期:波动期、变化期与恒定期。雏鸟用于休息的时间最多为86.78%,用于身体护理、呜叫及运动的行为次之分别为4.30%、3.87%和2.34%,张嘴、啄食行为所占的比例为1.96%、0.07%,其他行为不足0.1%。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of ex-situ conservation of Oriental white storks for years, this paper was referring more research on reproduction of captive Oriental white stork in northern weather conditions in China. Many experiments were carried in order to find out the effect of these factors such as weather conditions, food, picking up eggs, artificial incubation and artificial breeding et al. With the method of scan sampling and all occurrences recording, types of adult and nestling behaviors were recorded. All data was analyzed in Excel and the SPSS 12.0.The most detail behavior ethogram of adult and nestling of captive Oriental white stork was recorded. The results are as followed:There was significant difference between breeding season and non-breeding season of food intaking,and the food intaking in the breeding season was much more. During the breeding season, standing took up 49.4% of the time-activity budget with breeding taking up 19.7%. Combined, combing feather, feeding, fixing nest, bill clattering and wandering took up anther over 30%.Temperature and relative humidity are the most important factors of the incubation technology. The result showed that the best temperatures ranged from 37.5 to 37.8°C and the relative humidity ranged from 50% to 55% in both prophase and metaphase of breeding season. From then on the temperature should be dropped a little but the relative humidity raise.The vane of primary feathers(p),secondary feathers(p) and alula were all black with no rectrices before the nestlings were 7-day age, and the shaft’s color of them grew dusky from 52-day age to 72-day age. As postnatal molt was carrying the nestling down fall off meanwhile the contour feathers and rectrices grew completely after 72-day age. The tertiaris were always white of which the shaft was full of blood vessel. When the nestlings were about 92-day old all feathers grew completely of which the color was the same as adults. Oriental white stork is one of altricial species;therefore there were no feathers all over the whole body when the nestling was born, and the ability of self-adjustment was limited. The process of establishment of homoeothermic ability involved in 3 periods: (1) the fluctuating period, (2) the changing period, (3) the homoeothermic period. The nestling was fully covered with feathers at this time. The body length of nestling increased slower at the beginning, and increased more rapidly in-the 4th and 5th period than any other period, stopped growing since the nestlings were 3 months old. Activities of human was one of the most important factors that effect the nestling’s weight, as the food increased the weight increased. Resting was the most frequent behavior of the time-activity budget during the nestling growing periods which took up over 86.78%;Body care, tweeting ,locomotion ,gaping and pecking combined took up over 13%;Behavior of ’Others’ were less than 0.1%.更多还原