【作者】 赵光；

【导师】 孙启忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农村区域发展， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源将成为困扰人类社会发展的重要资源和环境因素。近年来,随着我国工农业生产的快速发展,干旱半干旱地区水资源短缺日益严重。我国北方耕地大部分为缺水和供水不足的农田,同时,这些地区的农田灌溉技术落后,水资源利用率较低,因此,发展和应用新的灌水方法和节水技术已成为解决当地水资源供需矛盾的关键。察右中旗地处阴山山脉大青山北麓,自然条件差、地形复杂、水资源严重不足。 本文在深入分析察右中旗水资源基本特征的基础上,探讨了本区域地表水、地下水的时空分布规律,计算了察右中旗地表水、地下水资源量和水资源总量,分析了区域水资源开采利用条件和开发利用现状,从区域水资源供需分析入手,进行远期需水预测,提出了适宜察右中旗水资源、土壤资源等条件要求的节水农业技术,指出了基于节水条件下的农业种植结构调整方向。本文研究的结论是: 察右中旗属于干旱缺水地区,年降雨量304mm,而且时空分布不均,全年70～80%的降雨量集中在6～9月份;地下水资源量0.66亿m~3,现状开采量0.52亿m~3,占可开采量的78.8%,地下水资源开发潜力不大;地表水资源量0.42亿m~3,基本没有开发利用,开发潜力很大;节水农业应将工程措施、农业措施和管理措施有机结合,提高水的利用效率和单位面积产量,充分发挥节水农业模式的整体综合效益;调整优化种植结构,大力推广应用节水技术,在降水不足,灌溉水缺乏地区充分利用自然资源,提高粮食产量。在此基础上将灌溉水的优化管理应用到节水灌溉中,使有限的水资源得到更加充分的利用。在本文中提出将综合节水增效措施应用到农田节水灌溉决策中,为察右中旗水资源的可持续开发利用和农业的可持续发展提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resource will become the important resource and the environment factor which puzzles the development of human society. In recent years ,with rapid development of industrial and agricultural production, water resource is short day by day in the arid area and half arid area. The large parts of cultivated land in the north part of our country is lack of water or the water supply is insufficient .Simultaneously .irrigation technology in these parts is backward .and utilization ratio is low. To develop and apply the new irrigation method and water-saving technology becomes the key of solving the contradiction between supply and demand .Chayouzhong Bannner lies in the north foothill of Daqingshan mountain .The natural condition is limited. Terrain is complex .Water resource is seriously insufficient.The author of this paper observe the basic characteristic of water resource in Chayouzhong Banner and discusses the distribution rule of the local surface water and the ground water in space and time and the total quantity of water resource in chayouzhong Banner .analyzed the mining condition of the region water resource and its present situation.The author first stars from the analysis between supply and demand .then proposes a water-saving technology which is suitable to the water resource and soil resource in Chayouzhong Banner .and finally points out the adjustment plan of the agricultural planting structure based on saving-water. The conclusion of this paper is :Chayouzhong Banner belongs to the arid area. The yearly precipitation is 304mm and the distribution in space and time is uneven. 70-80% of the whole year precipitation concentrates between June and September. The quantity of ground water resource is 66 million cubic meter. Now the mining amount is 52 million cubic meter, occupying 78.8% of the able mining amount. The protentiality is not big. The amount of surface water is 42 million cubic meter which has not developed.There is big protentiality.Water-saving agriculture should combine the project measure, the agricultural measure and the management measure, enhancing the utilization ratio and the production in per unit of the soil, fully displaying the agriculture pattern of saving water and its whole and comprehensive benefit, adjusting and optimizing planting structure, promoting the technology to save water. The natural resource should be fully used in the arid area to enhance the grain yield. The optimized management of irrigating water should be applied to the water-saving irrigation in order to make full use of the limited water resource.The author in this paper proposes that we should apply the comprehensive and effective water-saving measures to the decision-making of water-saving irrigation and provide the scientific basis for the sustainable development of agricultural and the use of water resource in Chayouzhong Banner.更多还原