【作者】 葛斐；

【导师】 董新光； 姜卉芳；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 地下水资源过量开采是一种潜在的灾害性危机,但却往往被人们所忽视,从而造成巨大的经济损失和环境地质灾害。地处新疆干旱地区的奇台县,由于地表水缺乏,导致地下水严重超采,地下水位持续下降,水资源出现危机。要减轻和避免这些危害,就需要对奇台县地下水系统进行模拟分析,对地下水资源进行准确评价,这也是人类对地下水资源进行科学管理和有效开发利用的前提和基础。本文首先概述了奇台县的基本情况及多年来地下水的变化规律,然后采用水平衡法进行地下水资源量计算,并结合GIS、RS、DEM技术,应用Processing MODFLOW建立了三维数值模型,得到奇台县水资源精确的计算。最后在数值模拟成果的基础上进行了超采区评价。论文取得的主要成果如下:(1)应用数值模拟计算的结果得到:从1992年到2000年,奇台平原区平均地下水总补给量为32678×104m3/a。其中,侧向补给量为3377×104m3/a,河道入渗、渠道入渗、田间入渗、水库入渗等转化补给量为29301×104m3/a,转换补给量占总补给量的89.7%,奇台地区地下水总排泄量为38873×104m3/a,多年平均地下水开采量为35949×104m3/a,地下水超采量约16342×104m3/a,多年平均地下水可开采量为19607×104m3/a。(2)奇台县26眼长观井100%都呈现下降趋势,开采系数k值为0.6,奇台县地下水1992年到2000年地下水超采系数0.83,全县严重超采范围有两片,一个是以县城为中心的漏斗区,一个位于110团与奇台县农场相邻处。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was a sort of potential calamity gender crises that underground water resources surfeit exploitation, however, it was ignored by folk station generally. Thereby, it result in huge economic loss and environmental geology calamity. The county of Qitai is situated in semi-arid zone in Xinjiang province. Because bare of surface water, result in groundwater severity overdraft and water table abidance fell, finally, water resources face crises. Want to relieve and keep out of these imperil, simulation and analyses of groundwater system must be further discussed in platform County of Qitai, carrying out precise groundwater resource evaluation. It is the foundation of scientific management and effective exploitation.In this paper, first summarize fundamental state and cum perennial change law,then adopt water budget method proceed introduction underground water resources gauge reckon,combine with GIS, RS, DEM technology,establish tridimensional numerical model on the base of processing MODFLOW, then get precise calculation of water resources fairly in the county of Qitai. On the foundation of numerical simulation results, we can evaluate overdraft area.The main conclusions as follows:(1) Have (two)application numerical simulation calculation got:form 1992 to 2000, the average groundwater recharge rate is 32678×104m3/a in Qitai plain. thereinto , side replenishment is 3377×104m3/a,watercourse influent seepage, channel influent seepage, field infiltration, reservoir influent seepage transformation recharge rate is 29301×104m3/a. Transformation recharge rate occupy overall logistical demand 89.7%, the groundwater overall drainage is 38873×104m3/a,the groundwater withdraw is 35949×104m3/a, the groundwater overdraft is 16342×104m3/a,the allowable withdrawal of groundwater is 19607×104m3/a.(2) The trend of 26 long-time observation holes is decline, the withdrawal coefficient is 0.6 in Qitai county. The overdraft coefficient is 0.83 from 1992 to 2000. The overdraft extent can be divided into two areas in the whole county: one is filler area which is county-centered, another is lie in adjacent 110 farm to Qitai county farm.更多还原