【作者】 孟丹；

【导师】 王宁；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 非点源污染在点源污染得到有效控制之后,其危害严重性、治理困难性、时空不确定性日益显露出来,农业非点源研究尤为重要,是我国水环境恶化的主要因素之一。农业非点源污染其所含的氮、磷是造成水体富营养化以及流域景观破坏等环境问题的主要因子,由此农业非点源污染控制的研究日益受到重视。 本研究在总结国内外非点源污染的研究进展文献的基础上,以污染物量化及非点源污染与异质景观相关性分析为研究目标,选取研究甚少的我国东北地区吉林省长春市的重要水源地——石头口门水库上游流域作为研究对象,研究内容主要有: 1.结合GIS技术、现场踏查、径流实验污染物浓度实测等手段,采用美国土壤通用流失方程(USIE)、降雨径流模型(SCS)计算该流域的土壤侵蚀量,对非点源污染的土壤侵蚀模数,降雨径流量,污染物N、P流失量等指标进行量化。 2.用景观分析方法,在入库的双阳河流域选取典型的具代表性的两个小流域,且该区的景观有一定的差异性。分别在降雨前后采集河流入口处的水样及不同地区、不同土地利用类型的土样进行实验测定。分析农业非点源污染与异质景观(本文采用土地利用类型)的关系,探讨了景观格局优化在非点源污染控制中的作用原理。 该流域多年降雨量为650mm,非点源污染主要发生在雨季,7～9月份是多雨季节,引起了80%以上的非点源污染。得出以下结论: 1.应用USLE与SCS模型结合GIS算得该流域年土壤侵蚀量2705115t,径流量1146.9184万m~3。平均侵蚀模数为508.1t/km~2·a,该区土壤侵蚀状况呈微度侵蚀。 2.应用平均浓度法对流域的年污染负荷量进行计算,非点源污染负荷可溶N、悬浮N、可溶P、悬浮P分别为340259.5kg/a、47178.96kg/a、23419.71kg/a、42864.56kg/a。可见N流失以可溶态为主;P流失则相反,以悬浮态为主。 3.结合景观格局指数对双阳河上杜家、蒋家小流域进行分析,并结合采集水样、土样测定N、P污染物的实验方法,得出不同土地利用类型及其空间布局对农业非点源污染影响重大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the point source pollution has been controlled successfully, the influence of the non-point source (NPS) pollution to the environment has been revealed for its serious harm, hard to control, extensity and uncertainty, and one of the most serious among them is rural non-point source which become the main source of damaging the water quality. As the nitrogen and phosphorus from rural NPS pollution are significant important factors for water environment deterioration and landscape fragment of basin, the problems of controlling NPS in watershed have been focused in the world.Based on summarizing the literature domestic and abroad on NPS pollution study, the paper aim to quantify the pollutant and the pertinence analyzing between NPS pollution and the landscape’s heterogeneity, focusing on Shitoukoumen reservoir up reach, which supplies drinking water for Changchun City and hardly be studied, the contend of study is as follows.1. Combining GIS technologies, locale investigation and the runoff experiment for measuring the concentration of pollutant, adopting USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation) and SCS(the rain-runoff model from Soil Conservation Service USA), quantifying the soil erosion modulus, runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus from NPS.2. As for taking the landscape analysis method, firstly selecting two representative and different landscape region in Shuangyang reach whose river flows to Shitoukoumen reservoir. Then sampling the water in bayou and soil in different land-use type before and after rain, and then analyzing the correlation between rural NPS pollution and heterogeneity landscape (land-use especially in the paper). Last the paper probes the principle of optimizing the landscape pattern for controlling the NPS pollution.The annual rainfall of Shitoukoumen region is 650mm. More than 80% of the NPS pollution happened in rainy season, between July and September. The results show that.1. USLE and SCS models based on GIS were taken to calculate pollution load, and the soil erosion load was 2705115t, runoff was 1146.9184×10~4m~3, average erosion modulus was 508.It/km~2·a, the status of soil erosion was preferably.2. The data calculated by Mean Concentration Method in the watershed shows the output of Soluble N, Paniculate N, Soluble P, Paniculate P ware 340259.5 kg/a、 47178.96 kg/a、 23419.71 kg/a、 42864.56 kg/a respectively. So the main loss form of nitrogen is soluble, by contrast phosphorus is particulate.3. Through correlation analysis of pollutant in water-soil by local experiment and landscape pattern index in Dujia Village and Jiangjia Village basin in Shuangyang river watershed, the different land-use types were significant for the rural NPS pollution.更多还原