【作者】 朱维；

【导师】 胡亚敏；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 比较文学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 “诗言志”和“文以载道”作为传统文学的两种核心理念，其着眼点在于文学的功能。在语言、形式、结构等问题上无过多关注，没有通过这些要素去探讨文学的本质，也没有在文学本质的基础上通过研究各种要素来确立比较完善的文学理论体系。现代性的文学观念始于救亡图存的需要。文学在担当社会重任的过程中实现其自身艰难的蜕变：梁启超发起以“三界革命”为标志的文学运动，想通过改良传统文学，使它能更有效地变革社会；王国维追求具有现代意义的“纯文学”，融合了西方美学理论和中国传统文学思维方式，发展了现代性的文学观念；胡适以完全西化的文化思想和社会理念来改造中国文化，确立了文学进化观念并使之成为一个时代理论和观念体系的标志；鲁迅高举“革命文学”的大旗，以剖析中国文化及其民众劣根性的方式彻底地对文学内容进行了革新；周作人从人的自我意识的觉醒和个性解放的角度审视文学，提出了“人的文学”的主张，既注重文学本身的特殊规律，又强调文学干预人生的独特作用；毛泽东的《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》则拉开了“社会主义文学”观念的序幕。西方Literary Theory有两种思维方式：一种是侧重于Literary(文学)；另一种因出自对Theory(理论)的兴趣，为了研究各种文化现象并建构各自的理论系统，人们不得已才关注文学。第二种思维方式占据主导地位。人们往往从模仿说、实用说、表现说和客观说这四个维度来研究文学，并形成了诸多新兴的文学观念。西方文本学和意识形态理论对我国学界造成了强劲的冲击，我国的文学理论教材纷纷涌现，文学观念也呈现出多元化格局。90年代以来主要的文学观念有：钱中文和童庆炳等人倡导的“文学的审美意识形态论”、刘安海和孙文宪的“语言艺术论”、董学文的“艺术生产论”、王元骧的“审美反映论”、吴中杰的“再现与表现的融合论”、王一川的“感性修辞论”、陶东风的“文学文化论”等。在中国文学观念的发展过程中，中西文学观念有三次碰撞和融合：第一次融合主要体现在文学理论的要素论和文学作品的体裁论；第二次融合主要是中国文学功能论与马克思主义文学思想的融合；第三次融合是新时期以来对文学本体的深入研究，在中西文学思想的融合中确立现代性的文学观念。更多还原

【Abstract】 Poem is used to express poet’s "Zhi", and Literature is used to convey "Tao". These two are main ideas in ancient literature, which focus on the function of Literature, and paid no attention on language、form and structure etc.. The people didn’t explore the essence of Literature through seeking the key elements, on the basis of which they could set up a system of Literature Theory .The modem Literature Concept began with saving our country from being annexed. literature Concept was developed in the course of improving the society:Liang Qichao launched Literature Movement with characteristic of revolutionizing "Three Literary Types", and wanted to improve the society by reforming Literature; Wang Guowei pursed "pure literature", and developed the modern literature concept by mixing Western Literature Theory and Chinese traditional thinking mode; Hu Shi improved Chinese culture with completely westernized theory, and established the theory system of evolved literature, which was the symbol of the first theory system; Lu Xun proposed "revolutionary literature", changing the content of Literature by analyzing defects of Chinese culture and people; Zhou Zuoren proposed the idea ,"Literature is for human being ",through the angle of self-awareness and individuality liberation, which emphasized not only the nature of Literature itself, but also its function of intervening the life ;Mao Zedong initiated "socialism literature concept" by publishing《Forum On Literature And Art In Yan’ an》.There are two thinking modes in western Literature Theory. One focuses on "Literature" and the other on "Theory". The latter plays the leading role. In order to set up some theory system, people have to study Literature. People usually study Literature through these four dimensions: theory of imitation、function、manifestation and impersonality. Many new kinds of Literature Concept appear.The western theories on Literature and Ideology cause great impact on Chinese literary circle. The teaching books on Literature Theory and literature Concept become more and more multiple. Since 1990s, there are 6 main literature concepts: Qian Zhongwen and Tong Qingbing consider Literature as aesthetic ideology. Liu Anhai and Sun Wenxian consider Literature as language art. Dong Xuewen considers Literature as art production. Wang Yuanxiang’s considers Literature as aesthetic reflection. Wu Zhongjie considers Literature as the combination of manifestation and reappearance. Wang Yichuan considers Literature as perceptual rhetoric. Tao Dongfeng links Literature with culture.During its developing process, Chinese Literature Concept collides and fuses with Western Literature Concept three times. The result of the f’trst fusion is the theory of Literature Element and Type, the second is the combination of the literary function and Marxism Literature Theory, and the third is the formation of modern literature concept which is set up by studying the literature itself.更多还原