【作者】 卢少飞；

【导师】 刘胜祥；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以黄石至黄梅高速公路(文中简称黄黄高速)主线(黄石大桥至界子墩收费站)为研究对象，采用传统的植物生态学野外调查和现代生物统计学相结合的方法，对公路沿线春季外来入侵植物的种类和分布、不同生境和工程结构对外来入侵植物分布的影响、公路沿线6种森林群落中春季外来入侵植物的种类和分布规律进行了研究，从一个侧面探讨了高速公路建设对外来入侵植物及沿线森林群落的影响。最后结合外来入侵植物的生活习性和高速公路建设项目的工程特点，对外来入侵植物的防控提出了自己的见解和建议。主要结果有：1、黄黄高速沿线春季外来入侵植物的种类和分布。黄黄高速沿线共有春季外来入侵植物24种，分属于16科23属。其中菊科种类最多，共6种；其次是蝶形花科和玄参科，各有2种。原产美洲的有15种，占总数的62.5％。SPSS10.0主成分分析和层次聚类的结果表明：影响黄黄高速沿线外来入侵植物分布和危害的主要因素是以土壤水分条件为主的生态因子和人为干扰强度，其中前者位于首要因素。24种外来入侵植物可以分为5个聚类群。聚类群Ⅰ包含北美车前、空心莲子草、钻形紫菀、大薸、田野毛莨、臭荠、牵牛、南苜蓿；聚类群Ⅱ包含北美独行菜、土荆芥；聚类群Ⅲ包含铜锤草、白车轴草；聚类群Ⅳ包含小白酒草、一年蓬、婆婆纳、波斯婆婆纳、野茼蒿、泽漆、垂序商陆、三叶鬼针草、野老鹳草；聚类群Ⅴ包含野燕麦、野胡萝卜、豚草。各聚类群之间的外来入侵植物具有不同的生活习性，分布于公路的相应区段，而各聚类群内部的外来入侵植物之间在生活习性上却具有许多相似的特点。2、高速公路建设对外来入侵植物分布的影响结合二维排序散点图，对沿线27个样地进行聚类分析，可得到4个聚类群。聚类群Ⅰ包括铁路立交区、取土坑、边坡比较明显和公路经过林地的区段；聚类群Ⅱ包括互通、服务管理区、收费站和公路经过的田地比较集中的区段；聚类群Ⅲ的样点由公路经过湖区、河流堤岸和水田比较集中的区域等土壤含水量较高的区段组成；聚类群Ⅳ只包含一个样地类型，为公路经过柑桔经济林的区段。各聚类群之间的外来入侵植物在种类、丰富度、优势度和频度均有所不同，而各聚类群内部各样地之间在生境和工程结构上却具有许多相似的特点。3、高速公路建设对沿线不同植被群落的影响通过对黄黄高速沿线意杨绿化林、柑桔经济林、杉木林、3年龄马尾松林、5～8年龄马尾松林和10年龄马尾松林等6种森林群落中春季外来入侵植物的研究发现，17种外来入侵植物中，菊科种类最多，原产美洲的最多。随着与公路垂直距离的增加，外来入侵植物和所有植物的物种丰富度均出现有规律的变化，但变化规律随森林群落类型的不同各有特点，其中高速公路防护网和截流沟等工程结构也起了一定的贡献作用。对15种外来入侵植物在6种森林群落中Ⅳ值的One-way ANOVA分析结果显示，意杨绿化林除了和柑桔经济林差异不显著外，与其它4种森林群落都存在显著性差异，且和杉木林、5～8年龄马尾松林、10年龄马尾松林之间的差异达到极显著(ANOVA，p＜0.01)，而其它5种森林群落之间则无差异显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation of the highway from Huangshi to Huangmei (Abbreviation: Huang-huang highway),the traditional plant ecology and the modern biostatistics, three questions are researched which include the kinds and distribution of invasive plants in spring along the highway,the influence of different habitats and the project structure on invasive plants, the law of invasive plants in different forest-communitys along the highway. Finally, the influence of the highway construction on the forest-communitys is discussed from a side.The main results are as follows:1. Kinds and distribution of invasive plants in spring along the Huang-huang highway.24 species of invasive plants belonging to 23 genuses, 16 families are identified. There are 6 species belong to Compositae,which is the most. Following the Compositae, the Papilionaceae and the Scrophulariaceae consists of 2 species.Among the invasive plants which originate from various regions in the world, 15 species originate from America.Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis(HCA) demonstrated that 24 kinds invade plants can be divided into 5 clusters groups. Cluster group I includes Plantago virginica, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Aster subulatus ,Pistia stratiotes,Ranunculus arvensis, Coronopus didymus,Medicago hispida and Pharbitis nil. Cluster group II includes Lepidium virginicum and Chenopodium ambrosioides. Cluster group III includes Oxalis corymbosa and Trifolium repens. Cluster group IV includes Conyza Canadensis, Erigeron annuus, Gynura crepidioides, Veronica didyma, Veronica persica, Euphorbia helioscopia, Phytolacca Americana, Geranium carolinianum and Bidens pilosa. Cluster group V includes Avena fatua, Daucus carota and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. The species in every cluster group have many similar customs.2. The influence of highway construction on invasive plants.4 cluster groups were gained from the dimensional scatter plot of PCA radination for 27 sample areas. Cluster group I includes railway crossing, borrow pit, side slope and forest-community. Cluster group II includes highway crossing, service area and precinct, toll station, field curtate.Cluster group III includes lake district, beach wall, paddy field,which has high soil moisture content,Cluster groupⅣincludes one community type which is citrus Cash-tree.3. The influence of highway construction on the forest-communitys17 species of spring invasive plants in 6 kinds of forest-communitys types are identified and recorded in which Compositae is the most and the species originating from America is the most. The species richness index of invasive plants and the total plants appears the ruly change.The protective screening and the collecting passage of the highway also played the contribution role. 6 kinds of forest-communitys types have the different discrepancy by One-way ANOVA analysis.更多还原