【作者】 朱少雄；

【导师】 李华生；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 教育， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 推铅球是一项速度力量性的投掷项目,以力量为基础,以速度为核心。铅球出手后的运动轨迹是一条非标准抛物线,它遵循斜抛运动的力学原理。根据斜抛运动方程S=V₀²COSα/g[sinα+（Sin²α+2gh/v₀²）^1/2],我们知道影响铅球成绩的因素有三个:初速度（V₀）、出手角度（α）、出手高度（h）。其中尤以初速度为主导因素,因为它聚集了运动员整个技术动作对于器械的加速力量。因而在投掷过程中,如何提高铅球的初速度就成了技术的关键。 纵观铅球技术的演变,从最原始的垫步推铅球→侧向滑步推铅球→半背向滑步推铅球→背向滑步推铅球,一直到今天背向滑步与旋转式推铅球鼎立的局面。从中不难看出,提高出手初速度始终是推动铅球技术变革与发展的基本动因。基于这一点,铅球技术的发展趋势是:①加长铅球出手前的做功距离②提高滑步时铅球的移动速度。追溯铅球技术的发展史,可知70年代前是仿效与改进并存的单极化发展趋势,运动员铅球技术的仿效与改进是在不自觉地遵循了其发展与演变基本动因的力学原理。进入80年代以后,人们能够自觉而主动地使铅球技术更加符合其力学机制,并能够找出适合自身特点的铅球技术。这就是现代铅球技术既要符合其发展与演变的基本动因,又要能够找出适合运动员个性特点的技术特色。这是铅球技术发展的重要因素。 本文采用文献综述的方法,查阅了大量有关铅球发展史,技术特点及分析方面的资料,具体从七个方面探讨背向滑步推铅球技术及其发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shot putting is a throwing event, with strength as its base and speed as its core. The moving track of shot-putting is non standard aparadola, which follows the mechanics theory of oblique putting moving. According to this moving equation: S = Vo2COSa/g[sin α + （Sin²α + 2gh/v₀²）^1/2]. We know there are three factors which affect the score ofshot putting, They are the initial velocity （v₀）, the throwing angle （a）and the height （h） of putting. Among those, v₀ is the most principal factor because it gathers all the accelerating strength that the athletic movement affects the shot. So how to improve the initial velocity becomes the key to the question during the process of shot putting. Skill evolution has changed from the most primitive padding shot putting into cross ranging sliding shot putting, then into the semiback -facing sliding shot putting and back-facing sliding shot putting, and now into the situation of back-facing sliding shot putting and the rotational shot putting exist tripatitely.From this change, we can easily see that initial velocity of increasing is always the principal reason which promotes the technological innovation and the improvement of shot putting. In this point, the trends of shot technique are lengthening the acting distance before you put the shot and improving the moving speed of sliding. Tracing to the improvement history of shot technique, we can see the trend was single, that is to say, the imatition and the improvement mixed and existed together before 1970s. And the imatition and the improvement of the spotsman’s shot technique followed its mechanics unconscientionsly. In 1980s, the sportsman could make the theory shot technique conform to its mechanism more initiatively. They also find the suitable shot conscientionsly and technique which suits to themselves. In this way, shot technique should not only conform to the principal reason of its improvement and evolution but also find the suitable technique which comes with the sportsman’s individual character. These are important factors which affect the improvement of shot technique.This article using documentations and synthiesis methods, with the help ofsubstantial related references access to informations about the history and the technical characteristics of shot putting specific explored the back-putting is a demand of the shot putting in seven aspect.更多还原