【作者】 陈晚姑；

【导师】 廖光蓉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 英语词汇中存在着大量的复合词。英语复合/合成是把两个或两个以上的自由词素按照一定的顺序排列构成新词。英语复合词按照它们在句中的作用,主要可分为:复合名词、复合动词和复合形容词。英语复合名词在语言和认知中起着举足轻重的作用。它能及时反映变化的语言事实,展现语言的原始组合能力,扩展语言的功能,增强语言的创造能力,促进语言的发展。英语复合名词一方面体现出形式与表达的简洁性,另一方面又暗含着意义构建的复杂认知过程。从形态结构看,英语复合名词中的修饰词可以是名词、动词,也可以是形容词或副词等。各构成成分之间的主要关系有:修饰与被修饰、动宾、主谓、并列、补充等。从语义角度看,复合名词的构成存在一定的语义理据性,其中主要有隐喻、借代和类比等。人们对其外部结构和其内部语言意义的认识存在着一定的认知规律。因此,对英语复合名词的研究具有很强的理论价值。 本文试图从实用的角度出发,用词汇形态学理论和认知语义学有关概念隐喻、概念合成等理论,采用归纳分析的方法研究英语复合名词构词,并探讨其形态结构、语义等方面的认知规律:合成有理性、词素语义兼容性、语言结构与概念结构对应性。另外,对英语复合名词的研究还具有一定的现实意义,本文拟根据中国学生学习英语过程中词汇习得时的特点,探讨本研究对英语复合名词教学的启示。 通过对复合名词的研究,本文发现源出于同一语源的词素更容易组合,且构成复合名词的词素语义一定兼容,不能排弃,各构成成分在语义上的搭配有其认知上的规律:合成有理、语义对应、语义兼容等。同时,本研究认为词汇教学在整个英语教学过程中起着至关重要的作用,而隐喻认知为英语词汇教学提供了一种行之有效的实用方更多还原

【Abstract】 There exist a large number of compounds in English vocabulary. Compounding /composition is a word-building process in which words are built by joining two or more free morphemes together according to some word orders. Compounding is very prosperous and productive. In English, almost all parts of speech can act as components of compounds. And the compounding is beyond the limitation of English syntax in word order. English compounds can be divided by their functions in sentences into compound nouns, compound verbs, compound adjectives and some other secondary compounds. An English compound noun plays a crucial role in language and cognition, in which it reflects changes in language reality, shows the compositionality of language in the raw, increases language productivity, serves to expand language. English compound nouns also reflect laconicity in form and expression on one hand, and the complex process of meaning construction on the other. Morphologically, the modifiers may be nouns, verbs, adjectives (including participles) and adverbs. The main relations between the components are modifier and modified, verb and object, subject and verb, coordinate, complementary, etc. Semantically, there exist some theoretical evidence in the compounding of English compound nouns, mainly named metaphor, metonymy and analogy, and there are some cognitive rules in people’s cognition to the external structures and the internal semantic meanings. So there is much value in theory in the study of English compound nouns.From the viewpoint of practical applicability, based on the theories of lexical morphology and cognitive semantics, this thesis tries to use the methods of induction and analytics to study English compound nouns, to explore the basic regular cognitive patterns of their morphological structures and cognitive semantics: motivations for compounding,semantic compatibility and the correspondence of cognitive concepts. In addition, there are some practical values in the study of English compound nouns. Based on the characteristics of English word-acquisition of Chinese students, the thesis tries to explore some inspirations to the teaching of English compound nouns.By the study of English compound nouns, we find that morphemes originated from the same etymology are easier to combine, the semantic meanings of the compounding components are sure to be compatible and not rejected, and there are some cognitive regular patterns in the collocation of semantic meanings of each components: reasonable compounding, correspondence of semantic meaning and form, semantic compatibility, etc.. The thesis also argues that the teaching of vocabulary plays an important part in the whole process of English teaching. But the acquisition of vocabulary depends largely on the learners themselves. So the training of learners’ ability of self-teaching and thinking metaphorically in English is also very important. Being an English teacher, what we should do is to teach the learners all kinds of approaches, skills and strategies of thinking metaphorically. Through these ways learners can learn and understand new compound nouns more quickly and more effectively.更多还原