【作者】 李卫民；

【导师】 蒋先福；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 问责(accountability)是指委托方与代理方之间的一种关系,即获得授权的代理方(个人或机构)有责任就其所涉及的工作绩效向委托方作出回答。依此概念,问责又分为广义的问责和狭义的问责。从广义来看,问责作为一种普遍的社会关系形式,存在于许多社会环境与社会关系之中,即一般意义下的问责。而狭义的问责常常与公共行政联系在一起。本文从狭义的问责概念出发,从法理上探讨了完善我国问责制的构想。 全文共分为四个部分: 第一部分提出了问责的内涵与法理基础。问责的思想由萌芽到发展成为一个相对完善的制度,经历了一个悠久的历程。我们可以从古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的有关政治学的观点中、古典自然法学的伟大思想者洛克和卢梭的论述中以及罗尔斯的的论著中发现它的影迹。问责的法理基础主要有社会契约的理论、人民主权的理论、委托代理理论、公共行政的基本原则:权责一致、权责对等。 第二部分概括了问责制在当代西方国家的建立及其发展。问责制在西方各国虽然有不同的表现形式,但在发展趋势上却呈现出共同性。 第三部分概括了当代中国问责制的现状、不足及其原因分析。当代中国在实施问责制方面取得了一定的成果,但其不足也是显而易见的。本文从制度、社会、法治和信息与监督层面对问责制存在问题的原因进行了分析。 第四部分提出了建立、健全当代中国问责制的法理构想。文章通过对完善我国的行政问责制、健全政治问责制、构建道德问责制三个方面的论证,提出了进一步完善我国问责制的构想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accountability is the relationship between the consigner and its deputy, which means the entitled deputy (either an individual or an organization) is responsible for a reply to the consigner concerning the related working performance. Within the limits of this concept, accountability can be divided into two categories: the accountability in a broad sense and the accountability in a narrow sense. As for the former, accountability, as a common form of social connection, lies in different social environments and relationships. Actually, it is the general accountability. As for the latter, accountability is interwoven with public administration. It is seen as both an administrative structure and a method of government. This thesis, starting with the accountability in a narrow sense, is a preliminary jurisprudential thought concerning improvement of accountability in China. It comprises four parts, as shown below.The first part explores the origin of accountability and its jurisprudential basis. From the early bud to its full bloom, the idea of accountability has experienced a long course, whose trace or image can be found by us in the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle’s viewpoint of politics, the great classical natural law thinker John Locke and Rousseau’s works and Rolls’ masterpiece "A Theory Of Justice". The jurisprudential bases of accountability mainly include: theories on social contract, theories on people’s sovereignty, theories on consignation and the basic principle of public administration which says the rights and responsibilities should be identical and equal.The second part generalizes the construction of accountability in contemporary western countries and its development direction. In spite of its different representations in the separate western countries, accountability presents a common pattern in its development.The third part sums up the current situation of accountability in China and gives reasons for it. China has made some achievements in bringing accountability into effect. However, it is also apparent that there is still a long way to go. This thesis provides an analysis for the problems in accountability in terms of system, society, law, information and supervision.The fourth part presents a jurisprudential assumption of construction and completion of accountability in China in the framework of the necessary systems.更多还原