【作者】 郑二功；

【导师】 李汉强；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在机械设备的安装和维护过程中,同轴度精密测量和校准是一个非常重要的工作环节。轴系的对中精度是保证设备正常运行、降低振动和磨损、节省能耗、延长使用寿命的重要技术指标。英国皇家研究机构的一份调查报告指出,50%以上的机器故障是由于传动设备联轴器不对中引起的。 激光对中仪是目前较为理想的自动对中测量仪器,国外已经有多种高精度的产品,如德国普乐福尼克对中仪,瑞典FIXTURLASER对中仪等,但由于商业原因,未见其原理描述。在国内尚无该产品,而实际工程中又迫切需要的情况下,本课题研究了一种新的对中测量技术,并完成了原理样机的研制工作。 激光对中仪的核心部件是半导体激光器(LD)和高分辨率的位置敏感探测器(PSD),核心算法和人机交互功能由一个便携式PC机完成。本文设计了一种单光束双探测器的激光对中仪结构,并建立了基于双PSD和单PSD的数学模型,可分别实现转动90°角测量和转动任意角度测量。在实际测量中,只要测得在两个角度时光斑的坐标,即可计算出两轴的平行偏差和角度偏差,并给出机器支脚的调整量。系统硬件主要包括半导体激光器、位敏传感器、倾角传感器、信号放大电路、数据采集处理系统和LCD显示模块。软件部分采用C语言编写了数据采集模块、数据处理模块和友好的人机交互界面,测量结果以图形和文字的方式直观的显示给用户。针对PSD的非线性失真,提出了非线性校正的两种方法:线性插值法和神经网络法,并采用神经网络方法进行了MATLAB仿真,使PSD的输出具有了较好的线性度。通过理论分析和实验,讨论了测试条件对PSD探测精度的影响,提出了克服干扰的措施,采用光学滤波和软件补偿相结合的方法基本消除了背景光的影响。最后,通过同轴度测量实验和对实验结果的分析,证实了数学模型的正确性和仪器的可重复性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of assemblage and maintenance of mechanical equipment, precise coaxial measurement and calibration is an important step, which can guarantee normal operation of the equipment, can reduce vibration and abrasion, can save energy consumption, and can prolong the useful life. According to the research of Royal institution, up to 50% of all breakdowns in rotating machinery are caused by misalignment.The shaft laser alignment is an optimal automatic alignment instrument presently. There are many high precision foreign products, such as ROTALIGN from German, FXITURLASER from Sweden. Because of the business secret, the principle is unknown. In the condition that there is no such instrument in inland, and such instrument is urgent need, this project researches a new alignment measuring technology and finishes the model machine’s manufacture.The core components of shaft laser alignment are laser diode (LD) and position sensitive detector (PSD) with high resolution. A portable personal computer will process the main arithmetic and computer-human interaction. In this thesis, a new alignment instrument structure with single beam of laser and duel position sensitive detectors is designed. Two mathematic models and formulas are established based on two PSD and single PSD, which can respectively fulfill measurement with 90° rotating angle and discretionary angle each time. In practice, when coordinates of light spots in two positions are measured, people can obtain the offset, the angular deviation and adjust value. The hardware system includes LD, PSD, inclinometer, signal magnified circuit, data collection-handling system and LCD module. The software is programmed with C language, including data collection module, data processing module, and friendly computer-human interaction interface that can display the result of measurement as figures and words for user. To the question of nonlinearity of PSD, two methods of linearization are put forward, both linear interpolation and neural networks. After simulation of neural net, the output of PSD has well linearity. Through the analysis of theory and experiment, the author discusses the influence of testing condition on detection precision of PSD and brings anti-interference means forward. In combination with optics filtering, the software compensation method can basically eliminate the influence of background light. Finally, it proves the correctness of mathematic model and the repeatability of instrument by analyzing the experiment result.更多还原