【作者】 陈燕涛；

【导师】 乔维高；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 车辆工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前由汽车排放产生的环境污染越来越严重。为了治理环境污染,各国相继针对车辆排放制定强制性排放标准,以控制汽车污染物的排放量。 车辆排放测量方法主要由排放检测方法和尾气取样方法构成。检测方法主要是使用工况法。目前有两种主要的尾气采样方法,一种是直接采样法,这种方法比较简单,但是其采样管路的吸附现象会造成测量误差;另一种方法就是定容采样法(CVS),虽然CVS的测量设备以及方法要较复杂,但是CVS结果更为精确。 制定各种车辆排放控制法规的目的是为了控制车辆排放,降低在实际使用过程中的污染物排放量。由于目前对车辆进行排放测试大多是在实验室的发动机台架或者底盘测功机上进行的,但是试验室测试条件与实际路况有很大差别,不能完全反映车辆在道路上排放情况。因此,有必要对实际道路上车辆尾气排放进行详细的研究,这也可以作为试验室结果的补充。 我们使用便携式排放测试系统(PEMS)作为道路排放测试的主要设备。这些系统体积很小,能够安放在车厢内对车辆在实际道路条件下行驶时的排放进行测量。美国环保局根据PEMS实际应用情况,制定出法规代码为CFR1065的测试程序。我们以CFR1065为基础制定我们的测试程序。 为了验证所使用的车载排放测试系统的准确性和可靠性,首先通过在实验室内进行CVS与车载排放测试系统进行对比测试。发现排放结果的差异在正常范围内,车载排放测试系统得到的结果是可以接受的。随后,我们有针对性的选择一辆轻型车作为被测车辆,在实际道路上进行一系列的道路排放测试。所选择的测试线路及时间基本上涵盖了我国大城市的路况特征。 我们针对车辆在实际道路条件下按照瞬态工况行驶的特点,引入瞬态工况参数,构建污染物浓度排放矩阵,对测得排放污染物的瞬态分布情况进行研究。由此得出的排放分布矩阵可以很直观的分析由于车辆行驶情况对车辆排放情况的影响。基于对测试条件和测试车辆的选择,可以说得到的排放分布情况能够初步反映出轻型在用车在我国大城市交通环境中的排放情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pollution from automobile is more and more serious, and it is harm to the human’s health and the balance of the nature. For control pollution, every country raises the control requirement about the emission pollutant, constitute the compelling emission standards to control the emission from automobile.The test method and exhaust gas sampling method constitutes the emission measure method. The Drive Cycle is the primary test method. Currently, there are two kinds of exhaust gas sampling method. One is the Direct Sampling, it is a simple method, but the most serious problem of the Direct Sampling is the adsorption of sample line can result in measurement error. The other method is Constant Volume Sampling (CVS). Though the equipments and technique of CVS are more complicated than the Direct Sampling, the measure result is more accurate than that of the Direct Sampling.The main purposes of institute vehicle emission control legislations are control emission of vehicle, reduce pollutant emission on real road. However the vehicles emission tests are mainly carried out on the engine benches or chassis-dynamometers. But the test condition in the laboratory differs from the real road condition, so the test results can’t accurately describe the real emission on road. Therefore it is necessary to research on vehicle emission in real road condition, and this research also is the complement of the laboratory results.We used Portable Emission Measure Systems (PEMS) as a main equipment for on-road emission tests. The EPA institutes test programs CFR1065 base on the application of PEMS. Because the environment factors can affect PEMS and result in wrong results, CFR1065 prescribes the preparation of measurement, measure plan, environment condition of measurement, etc for the PEMS.First carry out contrastive test between the CVS and the PEMS, testify the PEMS has good accuracy and reliability. We found the difference between the two results is in normal range, and we conclude the results of the PEMS can be accepted. Base onthe conclusion, we used a light-duty vehicle as test vehicle and do a series on-road emission test. The tests lines and The test time almost include all roads character of our cities.Because vehicles run as instantaneous cycle when they are driving on real road, we introduced instantaneous cycle parameters and constructed pollutant concentration emission matrix. After researched on emission instantaneous distribute. By the new analysis method, we can easily find the effect on the vehicle emission by the traffic. Because we had good choices of test conditions and test vehicle, we conclude that the emission concentration distributions can describe emission of in-use light-duty vehicle in our cities traffic.更多还原