【作者】 范宗珍；

【导师】 张显；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 种植， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 庆阳市作为我国西北黄土高原苹果优势区的重要组成部分,发挥和利用好本市苹果产业的优势和作用,对改善人民生活,增加果农收入,促进区域经济发展,建设和谐社会,都具有很重要的意义。 根据庆阳市苹果产业发展的实际情况,通过实地调查和查阅大量资料,分析发现,目前庆阳市苹果生产中存在的问题有: 1、品质差 品质差的主要原因是大部分苹果没有采用优良品种,其次是没有采用先进的栽培技术; 2、标准化不够 果园多为个体经营、分散种植,规模小,投入少,果农素质低,不利于实行规范化管理和集约化经营。其原因主要是缺乏统一规范的操作标准; 3、缺乏品牌 由于当地苹果没有品牌,致使品质好的与差的也无法辨别,消费者很难选择; 4、销售组织不力 果农是一盘散沙,各自为政,无序竞争,也没有科学的营销策略和方法,所以无法与国际大市场接轨; 5、包装不规范 一是包装粗糙简单;二是包装规格过少;三是包装提携不便;四是未及时清洗杀菌和预冷,贮藏性能不好,运输途中损失大。 论文重点从苹果的质量问题出发,综合引用近年来国外及国外果树产区的重要研究成果和优质高效栽培经验,合理筛选组装配套,在庆阳市果树栽培区进行优质苹果生产典型试验,总结出提高庆阳市优质苹果配套栽培技术。推动庆阳市苹果生产向高效、优质、低耗的方向健康发展,为提高农业科技成果转化,促进本区农业发展,增加农民收入提供科学依据。研究的主要结果: 1、通过借鉴、引用和典型试验,提出庆阳市优质苹果生产12项综合配套技术和提高庆阳市苹果商品性的8条基本途径; 2、在综合配套栽培技术的基础上,形成庆阳市优质苹果标准化管理工作历(试行),统一规范化操作管理; 3、通过鉴定分析,形成庆阳市优质主栽苹果质量综合评定建议标准(试行)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Qingyang is an important part of superiority areas in Loess Plateau for high quality apple production in northwest China. Making the most of the superiority of apple industry in Qingyang has quite significant meaning for the improvement of peolple’s lives, the increase of fruit growers’ income, the promotion of areal economy, and the formation of a harmonious society.The actual situation which developed on the basis of the apple property in Qingyang,By means of looks into and examines a great quantity of datums on the spot,Discover the problem that the apple in Qingyang is in the manufacture at the moment:1 .The main reason that the bad quality of quality falls short of is that best apple does not adopt the good strain,Secondly is not adoping the well-developed technique growing.2.Mostly the insufficient orchard of standardization is the individual manage-ment,Disperse growing,Scale is little,Put in a moment,Orchardman’s quality is leted drop,Not benefiting puies into practice standardization administration and the intensify management.Such reason chiefly is the operation criterion that lack the unitary norm.3.Lacking the brand does not there is the brand thanks to the in the locality apple,Result in good also can not differentiate against bad of quality,Very hard selection of consumer.4.The incompetent orchardman of sale organisation is the a sheet of loose sand,Each does things in his own way,Disorder contest,There is not scientific knowledge marketing tactics and the means yet,Therefore can not join the track against the great marketplace of internation.5.The norm is not that the packing is roughly easy to the packing;Secondly package the standard too few;Three are that inconvenience is give guidance and help to to the packing;Four is it’s too late hour washes to destroy harmful microorganisms to cool with beforehand,It is not good to lay in the performance,Decrease greatly in the transportation road.The study focused on the problems of apple quality, introduced latest apple cultivation research work and efficient high-qualified cultivating experience at home and out of home, chose scientifically and matched techniques to do typical experiments for high quality appleproduction in the area. Through carrying on typical experiments, a complete set of cultivating techniques for high quality apple production in Qingyang have been summed up.The main results gained from the research are following below:1 .raise a complete set of synthetical techniques for high quality apple production and efficient approaches of improving apple commodity quality in Qingyang;2.based on the set of techlniques, form a calendar of standard management for Qingyang’s high quality apple production(trail practice) to regularize the apple cultivation management;3.make out synthetical suggesting criteria to assess quality of main cultivating apples in Qingyang city by the means of analyzing and identifying (trail practice).更多还原