【作者】 刘刚；

【导师】 梁成浩；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 电化学工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,有关原油乳状液的研究主要是针对油田开发初期的W/O型原油乳状液进行的。然而,弱碱型三元复合驱采出液乳化、稳定和破乳方面的研究工作较少,因而有必要开展这一方面的研究工作。 本课题通过考察三元复合驱采出液中残留的碱、表面活性剂和聚合物对采出液乳化强度、油水分离特性、油相流变性、水相流变性及油水界面性质的影响,研究了O/W型三元复合驱采出液乳化、稳定和破乳行为,得出结论如下。 (1)碱、表面活性剂和聚合物可显著影响三元复合驱采出液的油水界面性质。当ω(表面活性剂)=0.06%时,油水平衡界面张力下降至1～5mN/m。ω(表面活性剂)=0.04%时,界面剪切弹性模量和界面剪切粘度分别为4.958mN/m和3.9244mN·s/m。油水界面扩散双电层的Zeta电位均为负值。 (2)三元复合驱采出液水相视粘度随着聚合物含量和相对分子质量的增加而增大。水相视粘度和动力学粘度之间存在着Y=1.1381X的线性关系。相对于视粘度,动力学粘度可更好的表征模拟三元复合驱采出水的流变性。 (3)当(聚合物)=0.04%、ω(表面活性剂)=0.01%、ω(碱)=0.15%时,采出液热沉降后油中含水率高达6.93%。无聚合物、ω(表面活性剂)=0.03%、ω(碱)=0.15%时,采出液热沉降后,水中含油量达1400mg/L。碱与原油中的胶质和沥青质进行皂化反应,生成表面活性物质,降低油水界面张力。表面活性剂吸附到油水界面上改变界面膜的性质。聚合物使水相视粘度显著增大。碱、表面活性剂和聚合物的综合作用使采出液的油中含水率和水中含油率升高。 (4)三元复合驱采出液添加破乳剂ASPD-γ后,油水乳状液稳定性显著降低。无聚合物、碱和表面活性剂时,水中含油量由2920 mg/L下降至418.3mg/L。ω(聚合物)=0.02%、ω(表面活性剂)=0.04%、ω(碱)=0.05%时,添加破乳剂ASPD-γ,水中含油量由1565.7 mg/L下降至987.9mg/L。破乳剂吸附到油水界面上,顶替表面活性剂、碱与原油中的胶质和沥青质反应生成的表面活性物质和天然表面活性物质,导致乳状液稳定性降低,容易破乳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, the research was mainly focused on the water-in-oil crude oil emulsion in initial exploitation of oil field. Whereas, little research was carried out to investigate the emulsification, stability and demulsication of alkalescent crude oil emulsion produced by ASP flooding. So it is necessary to develop the research on this aspect.In this paper, the effect of residual alkali, surfactant and polymer in crude oil emulsion produced by ASP flooding on emulsion strength, oil-water separation property, oil phase rheology、 water phase rheology and oil-water interfacial property has been studied and the mechanism of Emulsification, stability and demulsication of oil-in-water crude oil emulsion produced by ASP flooding was developed. The conclusion was as flows.(1) Alkali, surfactant and polymer in the crude oil emulsion produced by ASP flooding influence the oil-water interfacial property remarkably. When the content by weight of surfactant was 0.06%, equilibrium interfacial tension descended to 1~5mN/m. Interfacial shearing elastic modulus and interfacial shearing viscosity increased to 4.958mN/m and 3.9244mN ? s/m with thecontent by weight of surfactant was 0.04%.(2) The molecular weight and content of polymer has remarkable influence on the viscosity and elastic modulus of ASP flooding produced water, the higher the content of polymer become, the higher the viscosity increase. A general correlation (Y = 1.1381X) between the viscosity and dynamics viscosity stands for ASP flooding produced water. Dynamics viscosity characterized the rheological behavior better than apparent viscosity.(3) When the content by weight of polymer was 0.04%, surfactant was 0.01%, alkali was 0.15%, water content in oil increased to 6.93%. Oil content in water increased to 1400mg/L with polymer free, surfactant (0.03%), alkali (0.15%). Interfacial tension was descended, for surfactant created in the system of alkali, pectin and pitch. Interfacial membrane changed because of the surfactant adsorbing. Polymer increased the water phase apparent viscosity. Alkali, surfactant and polymer made the stability of crude oil emulsion produced by ASP flooding enhance, as the water content in oil and oil content in water increasing.(4) The stability of crude oil emulsion produced by ASP flooding debased when ASPD- Y was added, Oil content in water decreased from 2920mg/L to 418.3mg/L, with polymer, alkali and surfactant free, Oil content in water decreased from 1565.7mg/L to 987.9mg/L, with polymer0.02%, alkali 0.04% and surfactant 0.05%. The stability of crude oil emulsion debased because of the demulsifier substituting surfactant, fatty acid, naphthene acid and natural surfactant.更多还原