工程船舶液压系统设计及打桩船液压系统的改进设计与仿真研究

【作者】 刘国富；

【导师】 张卫；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着国民经济的高速发展,港口、航道、桥梁等基础设施的建设,使得各类工程船舶的需求量大大的增加。液压驱动因具有驱动功率大、适应重负荷、调速性和安全性好、便于集中控制、液压动力源可以一机多用等优点,特别适应工程船的工作特点。因此,液压驱动方式广泛地被国内外的工程船舶所采用。 本文对工程船舶上的液压系统设计进行分析,总结与改进,并进行建模仿真。 文章中首先从油源选择、马达的选择、调速方式选择、比例系统的运用、液压系统的安全及水上工况的应对等方面对工程船舶上液压系统设计提出参考意见。 然后以打桩船为例,从吊锤液压系统、移船液压系统、吊桩液压系统、抱桩液压系统等几方面详细分析其液压系统的组成特点。 打桩船打桩作业过程中的“窜桩”所带来的落锤问题是目前存在的一个共同的世界性的问题。虽然发生的频率不高,但直接与间接损失是巨大的。本文在分析了“窜桩”所带来的落锤问题的原因后,提出了四个解决问题的方法和建议。并通过比较研究,与现场条件相结合,提出用编码器检测转速,然后用可编程控制器经比例放大器控制电液比例减压阀的方案,按照预先设定的规律实现平稳制动,避免事故的发生。文章中详细分析了编码器的选择与应用、三通比例减压阀的优势及PLC的程序编制过程。这是一套融检测技术、计算机技术和电液比例控制技术为一体的新方案,较好地解决了各类打桩船多年长期未能解决的“窜桩”引起的落锤问题。 为了能预见系统的动静态性能与方案的可行性。建立三通电液比例减压阀控制液压缸的数学模型,用SIMULINK软件进行分析。仿真结果表明方案是完全可行的,通过改变液压缸的弹簧刚度与输入信号可以得到更理想的输出。并将此仿真模型封装,成为一个子系统,为以后分析提供方便。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, following the super-speed development of the national economy, and the evelopments of foundation facilities ,such as the ports, channels, bridges…etc, the demand of various engineering ships increased consumedly. The driving of hydraulics have many predominances,such as the big driving power, adapting to the heavy carrying , adjusting velocity soon , the safety, being easy to concentrate the control, and the hydaulic source can be used for many machines. The characteristics greatly adapt the work of the engineering ship. So, the hydraulic driving have been widely used in the engineering ship all the world.This thesis analyse the design of the hydraulic driving in engineering ship, and developed the design of the hydraulic system in piling barge. At last, modeling and simulating for this system.In thesis, the author put forward some suggestions such as the choice of the hydraulic souce, the choice of the motor, the way of adjusting velocity, and the using of the proportional hydraulic way. In the various engineering ships, the piling barge is the essential one. The hydaulic driving is the mail driving of the piling barge . The hydaulic system of the piling barge include : the hydraulic system of hanging hammer ,the hydraulic system of moving ship ,the hydraulic system of hanging piling and the hydraulic system of hugging piling ,and so on , this thesis analysis their characteristics separately.In piling barge, the problem about hammer-sinking arosed piling-sinking is a key problem of piling barge all the world. The performance of the piling barge may affect the schedule of engineering. In the thesis , the author put forward several ways to solve this problem. By learning the equipments now in the piling barge, the author selected the hydraulic-electric proportional control. This system integrated the test technology, computer technology and electro-hydraulic proportional technology. It solved the problem of hammer sinking which can’t be solved for many years.For foreseeing the dynamic performance and the static performance of this system ,the thesis established the mathematics model and analysed with the software of SIMULINK . By analyzing the result ,the author put forward the suggestions that improve the system’s performance .The conclusion indicated the system is available.And enveloped it to be a subsystem .affording the convenience for the behind analysis .更多还原