【作者】 阳春；

【导师】 蔡志华；

【作者基本信息】 重庆师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)隶属偶蹄目、鹿科、鹿属,是反刍哺乳动物。梅花鹿原来有6个亚种,现在只有东北和四川2个亚种。其中家养全部为东北亚种,染色体为66条。梅花鹿因属名贵山珍和传统药用兽类,具有很高的经济价值。由于长期面对巨大的捕杀压力和人类活动对其栖息地的严重破坏,野生梅花鹿现有的种群数量不足1000只,已濒临灭绝的边缘。为拯救该物种,我国政府已于1978年将其列为国家一级重点保护物种予以保护,而IUCN红色名录则将其列为濒危级动物。 在细胞(染色体)水平上,生物的性状是受它们所含的遗传物质的控制。作为遗传物质主要携带者的染色体,当其结构或数量发生改变时,必然会对生物的遗传、变异和进化产生影响。而一切生物的染色体发生结构和数量上的变异,便会导致生物体核型的改变。因此,通过对生物体的染色体的分析研究,可以了解其起源进化和遗传变异规律,判断生物的亲缘关系。国内对梅花鹿染色体方面的研究较少,对梅花鹿的研究主要集中在生化、生理等方面。为了更好地开发利用梅花鹿,提高梅花鹿的经济效益,我们对梅花鹿的染色体进行了初步研究。 本试验以重庆永川市松既高级职业中学养殖场梅花鹿为研究对象,采用外周血淋巴细胞制备染色体标本及采用胰酶G-带技术,对梅花鹿染色体进行了初步的研究,显示了梅花鹿的染色体核型、G带带型。通过比较梅花鹿与其它鹿种的核型,探讨它们的异同之处,以及较适宜的梅花鹿核型的分类方法,并在研究梅花鹿染色体核型参数的基础上,探讨其与生产性能之间的相关性。参照ISCNDA(1989)的国际家畜细胞遗传学命名体制,绘制了梅花鹿的G-带模式图,为梅花鹿染色体畸变研究和基因定位提供有价值的参考依据。梅花鹿单倍染色体组所显示的染色体带的数目为248条,包括X和Y染色体,其中X染色体是最小的染色体,而Y染色体是最大的染色体。根据梅花鹿染色体数目在中期会有不同,提出了梅花鹿染色体数目变化的机制。 本文介绍了动物染色体研究的发展过程,从最初的核型研究到染色体的分带再到染色体的现代研究水平,即荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术和微卫星序列标记来基因定位,最后对染色体的研究作了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sika deer(cervus nippon),subordinated toartiodactyla,cervidae,muntiacus , is a kind of ruminated mammal. They,once devided into 6 subspecieses originally,now have only Northeast subspecies and Sichuan subspecies. Domestic species is Northeast subspecies completely,with 66 chromosomes. Because of belonging to famous and precious mountain treasure and traditional medicine-using beasts, sika deer has much economic value. Experienced a long period huge killing pressure and serious damages of perch for human activities,the existing population is below 1000,close to extinct edge. To save this species, the government have listed it as the national first-grade attentive protected species in 1978,and IUCN red directory listed it as endangered animals.On the cell (chromosome) level, organism character is controlled by the hereditary material they contained. Chromosome,as the major carrier for hereditary material,will influence it’s heredity、 variation、 evolution when their structure or quantity changes. And, such changes can lead to the variation of organisim karyotype. Therefore,by analyzing and researching for the chromosomes,we are able to know the origination、 evolution、 the law of heredity and variation of the organisim,to judge the relationships between organisims. The number of researches for chromosome of sika deer is not many in China. Most of them concentrate mainly on biochemistry、 physiology etc. For exploiting and ultilizing sika deer better,developing the economic benefits of sika deer, we have carried out preliminary research for the chromosomes of sika deer.Our sika deers come from the farm of Songji Senior Professional Middle School in Yongchuan, Chongqing. We primarily studied the chromosome of sika deer and showed the G-band,with cultivated lymphocytes prepared by air-drying and the pancreatin-Giemsastain technique. Through comparing the the karyotype between sika deer andother deers,we discussed the similarities and differences of them.and suitable classification method of sika deer karyotype .Also,we discussed the correlation between karyotype and productivity by studying these parameters. We also drew the G-banding pattern picture,referencing ISCNDA(1989) (International System of Cytogenetic Nomenclature of Domestic Animal. 1989) Such work offer valuable reference for the sika deer chromosome deformity and gene location. The hyploid showed 248 bands,including X and Y chromosome. The X chromosome is the smallest one,Y is the biggest one. According to that the number of chromosome is different in metaphase,we put forward to the mechanism of sika deer chromosome number changing.This paper introduces the development of animal chromosome research,from the initial karyotype to the chromosome banding techonique,then to the modern research of chromosome,that is fluorescence in situ hybridization technique and gene location by labelling microsatellite sequence. At last,we make prospect for the chromosome research.更多还原