建国初期旧剧改革的内容整合和意识形态阐释

【作者】 徐锐；

【导师】 何言宏；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 现当代文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从内容整合和意识形态阐释的角度出发,研究建国初期旧剧改革对传统戏曲进行改编的过程,阐发旧剧改革的原动力和在传统戏曲发展过程中的价值指归。1949年到1957年之间的旧剧改革,是对于遭遇国家意识形态,生命力发生衰微的传统戏曲,借助政权力量进行改造,寻求其生存契合度的过程。本文通过代表性剧本改编过程的详尽解读,论证旧剧改革对于消解传统戏曲自律机制而作出的努力:一方面旧剧改革极其注重保留或迎合传统戏曲与天然形成的、根植于本土生活方式与文化传统的民间趣味之间的紧密联系,另一方面旧剧改革对阶级社会现代化进程下的新生国家意识形态作出了为广大人民所接受的阐释。这两项工作汇聚成旧剧改革得以进行的原动力,在强大的国家机器所控制的严酷的意识形态环境的监视和制约下,最终促成了对于戏曲传统的现代性改写。旧剧改革后期,政治管制和操纵对于传统戏曲(生产者、评论机制、精神内核)的过渡倾轧,逐渐取代了旧剧改革先前所作的努力,传统戏曲的处境会岌岌可危,旧剧改革的原动力也减弱乃至丧失,文学内容的审美功能的弱化而政治功能的强化把传统戏曲最终推上了政治的中心和文学的边缘。因此,尽管旧剧改革从一开始就借助国家意志,把握和操纵了对于传统戏曲引导和新变的主动权,通过文学影响的政治化与政治影响的文学化的交替作用,导致了“文学服务于政治”这一功能的异常发达,可是旧剧改革不仅仅是国家意识形态的现代性内涵的一次简单粗暴的移入,而是试图把文学纳入政治化范畴,又竭力保持它自身艺术功能的一次知性探究,也是官方意志下对传统戏曲进行理性的改造,创立其合法性和寻求社会应和的政治运动,它的最终价值在于整合“传统”和“理性”不可避免的纷争,促进两者最终融合,形成具有生命力的新传统。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is to study the transformation of the traditional drama in the early stage of China from the angle of content integration and ideology interpretations and explain the original force of the transformation and the value trend in the development of traditional drama . The transformation from 1949 to 1957 was the procession in which the traditional drama reconstructed themselves and sought coincidence for survival, which was suffering from the national ideology and waning . It cleared up the resistance of the traditional drama to the political compression successively .On the one hand ,it maintained and catered for the intimate relationship between the Chinese traditional drama with long history and the folk interest ;On the other hand ,it was out of the substitution of the political control and manipulation for the traditional self-discipline which was inevitable trend of the class society undergoing modernization and the natural original force that rooted in the native life style .It is this original force that the modern transformation of the traditional drama under the supervision and restriction of the strict ideology . The alternate effect of the influence of both politics and literature resulted in the extremely strong function of "Literature as the Servant of Politics".The decline of the aesthetic function and the intensification of the political function pushed the traditional drama to the center of politics and the edge of literature . Though the transformation of the traditional drama had the initiative right of guiding and changing the traditional drama ,and the content and form undertaken by the traditional aesthetic consciousness had the similar characteristic of the modernization in the society , the interpretation of the typical writings showed the transformation is not the simple naturalization of the national ideology , but the intellectual exploring of bringing the literature into the politics while maintaining the aesthetic function , the political movement of the rational transformation of the traditional drama under the government will , founding the legitimation and seeking the social respondent , and the systematic project that "tradition" and "ration" conflicted inevitably and merged in the end to form an vigorous new tradition.更多还原