【作者】 卢秀梅；

【导师】 苏幼坡；

【作者基本信息】 河北理工大学 ， 防灾减灾及防护工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 地震是迄今人类尚难以抗御的自然灾害,特别是发生在人口密集、建筑物、生命线系统日益复杂的现代化大城市,造成的损失更是无法估计。通过对日本的关东、阪神、台湾的南投、国内的唐山大地震发生后,城市公园发挥了避震疏散作用的分析研究。使人们认识到,只要完善城市公园的防灾设施,一旦出现突发灾害,公园就成为城市重要的灾害隔离带,能够阻止火势曼延,疏散避难人员,提供临时生活空间,作为修复家园的据点,作为平时学习防灾知识的场所。于是,把以地震为起因,发生火灾等二次灾害时,为保护国民的生命财产,强化城市防灾结构而规划建设避震疏散功能比较完善的城市公园称为“防灾公园”。我国百万人口以上的大城市有70%处于地震区,潜在的地震灾害一直存在。在城市规划建设中,必须充分估计到地震及次生灾害影响的严重性。北京已向世界承诺要办“安全奥运”,上海也需要给世界一个安全的“世博会”,很多城市还可能主办其他国际盛会,它必须为自己的市民,也为远道而来的客人提供安全保障。为此,在规划城市空间布局时,引入“防灾公园”的设计理念,适当改造现有公园或新建防灾公园。借鉴日本的防灾减灾经验,根据我国城市实际状况,通过调查分析,研究了我国防灾公园的规划要求和防灾设施的规划两方面主要内容。防灾公园的规划要求包括:原则和类型、基本条件和地理位置的安全性评价、规模和服务半径、人均有效避难面积和.避难安全有效面积;防灾公园的相关设施包括:出入口和周边形态、广场和避难路、防火树林带、供水与水源设施、临时厕所、通信和能源设施、紧急救灾物资的储备、标识牌和内部划分图、公园管理机构等。合理布局各种防灾设施,既不影响公园平时正常使用,又能发挥其机能。“平时是公园,灾时好避难”。防灾公园既为城市景观添彩又能防灾减灾,它的规划建设完善了城市服务功能,为市民提供安全保障,是社会文明进步的象征,是城市管理科学化、人性化发展的象征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake is still the unpredictable natural disaster for man until now. Especiallywhen the earthquake take place in the city where population, buildings and life system aredense, the damage is numberless. Our country is frequently subject to earthquake. In orderto reduce the damage from disaster, we should learn from the foreign countries andintroduce the concept of “Disaster-proof Park”in the process of city planning. We couldchange the present parks and newly-built disaster-proof park to enhance the city’s functionof disaster-proof.It is known that the disaster-proof parks have played a key role of scattering people inearthquake in and out of country and the parks reduce the death of people, it is necessarythat the disaster-proof parks, say, parks with the function of earthquake-proof and people-scattering be built.The disaster-proof parks are different common parks. Its main function is to shelterthe residents for a long time and provide a place for relief. According to the presentsituation of our cities, this paper gives the basic needs and reasons to realize the functionsof disaster-proof parks. They are: 1. the principle of disaster-proof parks planning, 2. thepatterns of disaster-proof parks, 3. the basic needs of disaster-proof parks, 4. the bestchoice of place for disaster-proof parks, 5. the scale of disaster-proof parks, 6. the servicedimension of disaster-proof parks, 7. the average effective surface for sheltering people, 8.the effective surface for sheltering people, 9. the lanes for sheltering, 10. the disaster-prooffacilities distribution, 11. management operation, 12. relevant units’cooperation. Disaster-proof facilities and common park facilities are arranged orderly which will not affect thenormal use daily.“A park in day, a shelter in disaster”. Disaster-proof parks could not only make thecity beautiful but also reduce the damage of disaster which perfect the service function ofcity and provide the security for people. It is also the symbol of social civilization, the signof city management science and humanities.All this makes the disaster-proof parks have necessary entrance and exit, aroundsituation, park lanes, fire-proof trees, water resources, temporary toilets and parkmanagement unit and so on.更多还原