【作者】 林章祥；

【导师】 王绪绪； 李朝晖；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 无机化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 流感一直是一种危害性极大的病毒性急性呼吸道传染病。目前预防流感的唯一有效措施是疫苗接种,但至今尚未研制出能有效控制流感的疫苗。因此,在进行新流感疫苗研制的同时,开发广谱、高效、环境友好的流感病毒灭活剂,对预防流感的传染具有十分重要的意义。利用光催化剂的强光催化氧化性能,杀灭空气中和溶液中流感病毒可能是一种有效的方法。本论文用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备出TiO₂溶胶,并通过对其干燥、改性制备出了纳米TiO2粉体和TiO2薄膜样品。以流感病毒H1N1 为模型反应物,考察了粉末催化剂样品在溶液中和365nm 紫外光照射下对病毒的灭活性能,及薄膜催化剂样品在空气中和荧光灯照射下对病毒的灭活性能。采用血凝效价实验和透射电镜观察,并结合对催化剂样品的XRD 分析、N₂吸附性能测定及催化剂在实验条件下的表面Zeta 电势测量结果,探讨了催化剂用量、焙烧温度、比表面积和表面电性与其病毒灭活性能的关系,并对灭活过程进行了观察和探讨。论文得到如下重要结果和结论（:1） 在60min内单纯365nm紫外光对H1N1没有明显灭活效果;无光照下,TiO2对H1N1 通过吸附有一定的灭活作用,但效果较差;而在365nm 紫外光照射和TiO2催化剂同时存在下,H1N1 病毒能被快速有效地杀灭。（2） 铜和银离子掺杂、铂修饰、超强酸化能改变TiO₂ 悬浮液对H1N1 的灭活速率,其中超强酸化样品的性能最佳。（3） 悬浮液的pH 值和催化剂的Zeta 电势对其病毒灭活性能有显著影响。当溶液的pH 值高于催化剂的等电点时,催化剂颗粒由于荷负电对H1N1 有好的吸附能力,催化剂的灭活性能增强。（4） TiO₂对H1N1 的光催化灭活作用开始发生在H1N1 的纤突部分,破坏纤突部分就可导致H1N1 的失活。随着光照时间延长,H1N1 病毒分子发生变形、破裂,直至变成了有机碎片和被矿化。（5） 在荧光灯照射下TiO₂薄膜也能对空气中的H1N1 产生光催化灭活作用,60min 灭活率达87.5 %,180min 可使之完全灭活。只用荧光灯或只用膜催化剂都不能使H1N1 有效灭活。本论文创新性在于,首次把光催化方法用于流感病毒H1N1 的灭活,并发现TiO₂的光催化作用不仅可以使H1N1 失去活性,而且可完全破坏其分子结构,甚至使其矿化。还发现催化剂颗粒的Zeta 电势对悬浮液中TiO2 吸附和光催化灭活H1N1 有很大的影响,TiO₂薄膜在荧光灯照射下也能够杀灭空气中的H1N1病毒。证实超强化可以进一步改善TiO₂对H1N1 的灭活性能。这些发现和研究结果对开发流感病毒H1N1 灭活技术具有重要的理论和实际意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Influenza is a severe acute respiratory disease. At present, the only effective measure in controlling the influenza is the inoculating of bacterin. Although the development of new effective influenza bacterin is important, it is also important to develop a photocatalyst which has the characteristic of broad-spectrum、high efficiency、friendly to environment etc. In this study, the photocatalysts including TiO₂ powder and TiO₂ thin film were prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET and Zeta Potential measurements. Two methods: hemagglutimation test to determine the change of the titer of influenza virus H1N1 and the direct observation of deformation of H1N1 under TEM were used to study the inactivation efficiency of TiO2 on H1N1 under 365 nm ultraviolet illuminations. The photocatalytic inactivation efficiency of TiO2 thin film on H1N1 under fluorescent lamps was also investigated in air. The following important results were obtained: （1） No inactivation of H1N1 was observed under 365nm ultraviolet illumination only; TiO2 could partly inactivate H1N1 by adsorption; Under UV illumination, TiO₂ could completely inactivate H1N1 in 60 min. （2） Silver ion doped、copper ion doped、platinum modified、SO42-modified TiO₂ could alter the inactivation rate of TiO2. Among them, SO42-/TiO2 solid superacid catalyst is the most effective one which could reduce the complete inactivation time from 60 min to 10 min. （3） The acidity of TiO2 suspension could affect the photocatalytic inactivation efficiency. At pH value higher than the isoelectirc point, TiO₂ photocatalyst were negative charged and the adsorption ability and the inactivation efficiency of TiO₂ on H1N1 increased. （4） TEM micrographs revealed that H1N1 was attacked at its projecting part first and it could be destroyed and even mineralized for longer photocatalytic treatment. （5） H1N1 could also be effectively inactivately by TiO2 thin film under the illumination of fluorescent lamp. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the inactivation of H1N1 based on the theory of TiO₂ photocatalysis was investigated.We found that H1N1 not only could be inactivated but also could be decomposed or even be mineralized by the photocatalysis of TiO2. The adsorption ability and photocatalytic inactivation efficiency of TiO2 on H1N1 could be significantly affected by the surface charge of photocatalyst. TiO2 thin film also could be effective in the photocatalytic inactivation of H1N1 under the illumination of fluorescent lamp only. SO42-/TiO2 solid superacid catalyst showed the best efficiency in the photocatalytic inactivation of H1N1. All these findings and results were very important both in theory and in practice.更多还原