论乡土社会法律信仰之塑造

【作者】 徐钝；

【导师】 强昌文；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 法律信仰对中国法治之路不可或缺,乡土社会法治化更需要法律信仰,而法律信仰在乡土社会却处于严重缺失状态,本文试从文化视角探讨其缺失根源并提出相应重塑对策。 首先,笔者分析了法律信的内涵,总结了乡土社会法律信仰缺失的表现。律信仰不是单纯的主观心理感受,而是主体的内在信念和外在行为的有机统一,它包含着对法律的强烈信念和信服心理,同时也包含着主体对法律的行为拜从。乡土社会法律信仰之缺失主要表现在以下三点:其一,乡土百姓对立法产品疏远、陌生。其二,法律权威感在乡土社会丧失。其三,乡土百姓对法律价值产生怀疑。 其次,笔者从文化视角分析了乡土社会法律信仰缺失的根源。一是非功利性宗教信仰与人文精神的缺失。在西方,人们对法律的信仰源于宗教信仰与人文理性的支持。而乡土社会普遍缺乏宗教信仰,即使有,其宗教意识也具有极强的实惠、实用风格,再加上乡土社会人文精神的缺失,以致完全不符合具有法律信仰的主体条件。二是伦理性文化、政治性文化、经济性文化多元性并存。多元文化并存,也使整个社会失去了一个至高无上的文化权威,导致人们价值选择的迷茫。在司法领域,伦理性文化、政治性文化、经济性文化表现为人情关系、权力关系、金钱关系对司法的干扰。三民间法对国家法的替代效应,导致民间法在乡土社会很有市场,乡土百姓在大多场合宁愿选择民间法而置国家法于不顾,法律在乡土社会的效用难以发挥。四是法律工具主义影响久远。法律工具主义对法律信仰危害不仅表现为对法律价值的导向失误,还表现为对法律行为的导向失误,从而导致乡土百姓对诉讼、对法律的消极甚至抵制态度。 再次,笔者从法律文化视角提出乡土社会法律信仰塑造的具体规划:其一,乡土教育先行。乡村教育发展是一个大课题,笔者只就与法律文化联系紧密的问题谈了三点措施:一是吸引优秀人才,以带来先进的文化观念;二是加强城乡教育交流互动;三是加快乡土社会教育信息化工程建设。其二,乡土文化氛围创设,其包括:重塑文化权威、推进文化设施建设和文化活动开展、加强村民自治以提高乡土百姓的民主意识以及为送法下乡开辟新路。其三,正确处理更多还原

【Abstract】 Legal faith is indispensable to Chinese rule by law especially to rural communities ’rule by law, but it lacks it seriously in rural communities.This thesis try to probe into the origin for lack of legal faith and put forward the relevant countermeasure from cultural angle .First of all, the author analysed the definition of legal faith and sum up the condition of lack of legal faith in rural communities. Leagal faith belong to not only pure subjective psychology but also the organic unity of the intrinsic faith and the extrincic action , and it embodies the intense faith and convinced psychology to law, including the action following to law.The condition of lack of legal faith in rural communities mainly lies in three aspects.Firstly,the people in rural communities are not familiar with the law.Secondly,it lacks the authoritative sense to law in rural communities.Thirdly,the people in rural communities doubt the legal value.Then , the author analyses the origin for lack of legal faith in rural cmmunityies from cultural angle .Firstly,it lies in the lack of non-utilitarianism of religion and the humane spirits . In the west, people’legal faith base on the support of the religion and humane reason.. But it lacks the religion widely in rural communities,and religious consciousness in rural communities indicates pragmatic style if the religion exist in rural communities ,futhermore,it lacks humane spirits in rural communities,Which lead to the lack of subjective qualification of legal faith in rural communities. Secondly,it lies in the plural existence of ethical,political and economical culture,which result in the lack of the paramount cultural authority in rural communities and the confusion of people’s value selection.In the judicial areas, ethical political and economical culture dispay the interference of emotion relationships,authority, relationships and economy relationships to judicature.Thirdly,it lies in the substitution effects of folk law,which cause folk law to be popular in rural communities and people to select folk law instead of state law,so it is difficult to enforce state law.Fourthly, it lies in the far-reaching influence of the legal instrumentalism. The harmfulness of the legal instrumentalism to legal faithdisplay mistaken direction to legal value and legal action,which cause people to treat law passively even boycott it.In the end,the author put forward concrete plans of legal faith cultivation in rural communities from cultural angle.First of all,education in rural communities must start off before the others.The development on education in rural communities is a big task,but the author merely discuss three measures connected with legal culture.Firstly,to absorb qualified personnels by all kinds of ways in order to bring the well-developed cultural idea.Secondly,to strengthen the interchange between urban education and rural education.Thirdly,to speed up constructing educational information project in rural communities.Next , to creat certain cultural atmosphere in rural communities,including cultivating cultural authority , carrying forward the building of cultural facilities and the development of cultural activities.,strengthening villager self-government democracy to enhance people’s democratic consciousness,and seeking new ways toward publicize law in rural communities.Then we must deal with properly relations between state law and folk law.The fundamental social connections must be regulated by state law,and the social connections containing local knowledge and folklore may be regulated by folk law ,and other social connections which state law and folk law may involve may be regulated by both ones.In the end,we must cultivate law- functioning culture in rural oommunities.The cultivation of the legislative culture embody fostering the legislators disinterested initiative, creating the democratic atmosphere of legislation .absorbing some folk laws into state laws if necessary .The cultivation of the administrative culture embody mainly establishing humanism idea and service consciousness,making law authoritative and administrating according to law,enhancing open and transparent idea.The cultivation of the judicial culture embody improving the cultivation of judges’ work-style and material judicial culture,and the cultivation of passive and negative judicial culture.更多还原