【作者】 费菊瑛；

【导师】 朱柏铭；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 政治经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪90年代至今,是我国高等教育规模迅速扩大的时期。目前,我国高等教育毛入学率已经达到19%,按照美国学者马丁.特罗(Matin Trow)提出的高等教育发展模式,我国已迈入高等教育大众化的门槛。在高等教育大众化的过程中,高教结构问题越来越显得不容忽视,它主要牵涉到人才的供需矛盾和资源配置两方面的问题。由于高教结构的失衡,一方面导致大学生供需矛盾突出,结构性失业严重;另一方面导致有限教育资源的浪费,降低了教育投资的效率,使得高等教育对经济的促进作用相对有限。因此,优化高教结构迫在眉睫。 本文运用经济分析的方法来诠释优化高教结构的道理,分三个层次来阐述这一问题。 (1) 为什么要构建合理的高教结构?本文的第二部分对此作了理论阐述。通过叙述产业结构变迁规律、产业结构与专业结构的关系、高等教育的规模效益、聚集效应等,从理论上明确了高教结构与产业结构、劳动力就业结构之间的内在联系,以及高教结构对规模效益的制约作用等,为实证分析提供理论依据。 (2) 我国高教结构的现状是怎样的?本文第三部分对我国和浙江省的高教程度结构和科类结构的现状、由此造成的后果以及这些后果对高教结构将产生的负面影响进行了详细分析。这部分的分析工具主要有“蛛网模型”、“资本边际效率”公式和“过度教育理论”等,是本文重点。 (3) 怎样调整我国的高等教育结构?第四部分从三方面进行了探讨。首先阐述了我国高等教育的总体目标,从中强调了主线是教育的适应性,而适应性蕴藏在合理的结构中;其次介绍了国外的经验,试图找出合理高教结构的匹配方向;最后给出了优化高教结构的途径,并分析了这些途径的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s tertiary education has been expanding rapidly since 1990s, and has now reached 19% gross rate of enrolment. According to the tertiary education development model proposed by American educationist Matin Trow, China has already passed the threshold of popularization of higher education. In the process of popularizing higher education, the structural problem of higher education is attracting increasingly attention and cannot be overlooked. Supply and demand, and resource allocation are two issues in this respect. The structural imbalance of higher education system has led to the surge of the supply and demand disorder problem of college and university graduates in the job market, causing severe structural unemployment on the one hand, and the waste of limited educational resources, reducing educational investment efficiency, therefore unfavorably affecting the full play of the promotional role of higher education in economic development on the other. For this reason, optimizing higher education structure has becoming an urgent issue.This paper tackles the issue of optimizing higher education structure with the aid of analytical method of economics, and in following three dimensions:(l)Why is there a need to establish an optimal higher education structure? This question is explained in the second part of this paper. Through stating the evolution process of industrial structures, the relationship between industrial and professional structures, scale efficiency of higher education, cluster effect and so on, this paper theoretically identifies the innate linkages between higher education and industrial structures, between work force and employment structures, and the constraint of higher education structure to scale efficiency, etc., thus provides theoretical basis for positive analysis.(2)What is the present higher education structure in China? The third part of this paper makes a detailed analysis of the present higher education structures in China and Zhejiang province by curriculum levels and discipline structures, and of the outcomes of present structure, as well as the negative impact on the higher education structure. The analytical tools employed in this part are. Cobb-Web model, capital marginal efficiency function, and over education theory, etc. This is the key part of this paper.(3)How to adjust China’s higher education structure? Part four of this paper discusses this question from three aspects. First, it deliberates the overall goal of China’s higher education, emphasizing that the underlying principle is education adaptability, while adaptability is embedded in the rational structure; Second, it introduces the experience of foreign countries, trying to find the restructuring direction for optimal higher education更多还原