麦积山风景名胜区植物多样性研究

【作者】 芦维忠；

【导师】 赵忠； 樊辉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 对麦积山风景名胜区高等植物多样性进行了系统研究。研究的目的是通过对本区植物进行全面、系统的调查研究,填补该区植物资源在这一领域的空白,丰富本区生物多样性,为申报世界“双遗产”(文化遗产和自然遗产)提供科学依据,也为保护和合理开发利用自然资源提供理论指导。研究方法分为外业调查和内业整理两部分,外业调查采用样线调查和样方调查结合的方法,收集所需要的数据信息,内业整理包括标本鉴定、数据处理等。群落层次划分用环境特征及乔木层、灌木层和草本层等的测定因子。研究结果表明:麦积山风景名胜区共有高等植物2371 种(包括种下等级,下同),隶属218科,962 属。其中苔藓植物101 种,隶属37 科71 属;蕨类植物85 种,隶属21 科41属;裸子植物47 种,隶属8 科20 属;被子植物2138 种,隶属152 科830 属。景区共有中国特有属29 个,其中单种属有14 个,少种属13 个,多种属2 个。景区列入国家珍稀濒危保护的植物种类有20 种,以北温带成分为主,占40%,这和本区种子植物区系的类型是一致的;中国特有成分占25%,居第二位,反映了该区植物区系的古老性和特殊性;东亚成分、热带亚洲至热带非洲成分、东亚及北美间断成分占有一定比例,证明该区植物区系类型兼有我国南北植物区系的特点。模式产地种5 个。兰科植物23 属34　种。中国分布的15 个种子植物分布区类型,在麦积山风景区均有分布,表明该景区植物区系和地理成分的复杂性。从麦积山风景区各分布区类型所占比例分析,世界分布的有73 个属,　占景区总属数的8.59%,属于热带或以热带为中心分布地理的成分有201个属,占景区总属数的23.65%,属于温带区系成分的有409个属,占景区总属数的48.11%,反映了麦积山风景区植物区系和地理成分的基本特点是以温带性成分为主,其中主要是北温带成分。其次,东亚分布属106 个,占景区总属数的12.47%,中国特有属29 个,占景区总属数的3.41%,另外,还有少量的地中海区、西亚至中亚分布、中亚分布的属渗透到该区,证明该区是目前世界上暖温带向北亚热带的过渡地带。在己知的2185 种种子植物中,有25个亚种、171个变种和13个变型,种下等级占本区种子植物总数的9.6%,反映了麦积山风景区植物种类的遗传多样性。景区生态系统多样性丰富,包括森林生态系统、湿地生态系统和草原生态系统。景区植被类型多样,可划分为7 个植被型组,17个植被型,59 个群系。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the higher biodiversity in the scenic spot of Maiji Mountain has been systematically studied. Based on the thorough and systematical investigation, the gap of the biodiversity research in this region will be filled in , the biodiversity will be enriched , the scientific basis for declaring world double relics(cultural relics and natural heritage ) will be provided , moreover, the theoretical guidance for the protection , reasonable exploitation and utilization of natural resources will be supplied. The research methods involve in field investigation and indoor arrangement. Sample route inventory, as well as plot cruising , is adopted in field investigation to obtain the valuable data . Indoor arrangement includes specimen identification ,data processing and classification of the structure of the community by environmental features , tree layer , shrub layer and herb layer . The result shows that in this region there are 2,371 higher species in all , belonging to 962 genera and 218 families, among which there are 101 species of bryophyte belonging to 71 genera and 37 families; 85 species of ferns belonging to 41 genera and 21 families; 47 species of gymnosperms belonging to 20 genera and 8 families and 2,138 species of angiosperms belonging to 830 genera and 152 families.29 Chinese endemic genera have been found in this region, among which there are 14 genera with mono-species, 13 genera with fewer species, and 2 with plentiful species. 20 species have been inscribed on the national endangered species list ; many of the areal types of the endangered flora are northern temperate elements, which take up 40% and are identical to those of spermatophytic flora in this region; endemic composition to China covering 25% take the second place , which reflects the primitiveness and endemic of the floristic composition ; the areal types also are related to east Asia element , tropical Asia an Africa elements , east Asia and north America disconnected elements , which indicates that the spermatophytic flora here shares the characteristics of that in north China and south China. There are 5 species of model, together with 34 species of orchid belonging to 23genera. The nation-wide fifteen areal types of spermatophyte can be found here , which reflects the complexity of the floral composition . According to analysis of the proportion of the areal types in the scenic spot , it can be found that 73 genera , 201 genera covering 23.65% of the total genera in the scenic spot and 409 genera covering 48.11% of the total genera in the scenic spot belong to worldwide elements , tropical elements and temperate elements respectively. This phenomena shows that the flora composition in this region is characterized by the dominance of the temperate element , esp. the northern temperate element .In addition , there are 106 genera with east Asia elements and 29 Chinese endemic genera , which take up 12.47 % and 3.41 % of the total genera in the scenic spot respectively , moreover , some genera , which distribute in Mediterranean area ,west Asia, middle Asia , have been found here . In accordance with the distribution , it can be identified that this scenic spot is the transitional region ranging from warm temperate zone to northern sub-tropical zone . Of the well-known 2,185 species of spermatophyte , there are 25 subspecies, 171 varieties and 13 forma. Subspecies and other lower types take up 9.6% of spermatophyte in this region ,which reflects the genetic biodiversity. The biodiversity here is rich , which contains forest eco-system , wetland eco-system and grassland eco-system as well. In this scenic spot ,there are various vegetation types , which can be classified into 7 vegetation type groups, 17 vegetation types and 59 formations.更多还原