汉代宫廷女性生活探微

【作者】 杨舒眉；

【导师】 张秋升；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 汉代宫廷女性是社会中一个特殊的女性群体。本文从婚姻、政治、文化等不同的生活层面,展示她们独特的精神风貌和群体气质。汉代宫廷女性中的后宫女性和汉公主的婚姻模式、特点及对婚姻的体验有很大不同。后妃与帝王之间的婚姻结构是典型的一夫多妻制,他们之间的关系严格遵守夫尊妻卑的性别关系法则。宫廷女性之间由于等级差别、情欲冲突等原因所引发的彼此之间的嫉害,更加重了女性性别卑微。由于皇权的荫护,汉公主的婚姻模式则呈现出妻尊夫卑的特点,夫妻关系往往不和睦。和亲公主的婚姻则带有浓重的政治色彩。汉代宫廷女性广泛参政是汉代政治的一大特色。在参政活动中,最突出的是女主临朝称制。女主大权独揽绝非偶然,是汉代多种因素综合作用的结果。除当权者的性别发生变化外,封建君主专政的国家机器照常运转,女性的卑微地位没有发生任何变化,因而从本质上说女主政治依然是男权政治,不是女性政治地位提高的标志。汉代文化的繁荣为汉代宫廷女性文化生活的丰富多彩提供了可能。宫廷教育使她们深受儒家文化的熏陶。部分宫廷女性具备深厚的文学修养,创作出不少流传后世的作品。从中可窥探她们对婚姻、情感的感悟和理解。男权社会对乐舞文化的需求迫使大量女性投身乐舞洪流。众多的宫延女艺人希冀用乐舞实现人生飞跃。乐舞逐渐成为她们宣泄情感的一种形体语言。然而汉代宫廷女性在实际生活中的行为模式和反映出的女性观和汉代儒家正统的女性观和理想的宫廷女性形象存在较大的差异,产生这种差异的主要原因是儒家思想不能笼罩全社会,现实利益高于道德理念和“特权”女性的存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Palace women were a special woman’s colony in the society in Han dynasty. This text shows their unique mental outlook and colony’s makings from different life aspects , such as marriage , politics , culture , etc.. Palace women in Han dynasty had different marriage mode , characteristic and experience against marriage The marriage structure between princesses and emperor was the typical polygamy, whose relations strictly observed Husband Honourable of Wife humble sex relation rule. Because imperial power shady to protect, marriage mode of princess demonstrated characteristic of Wife of husband low. It was a great characteristic of politics in Han dynasty that palace women participated in political affairs extensively. Among activities, It was outstanding that a woman dominated the whole country which was a result of the comprehensive function of various factors. Woman domination was not not a sign that women’s political position had improved ,but man right politics. Prosperity of culture made palace women’s life rich and colorful in Han dynasty. They immersed deeply in Confucian culture. Some of them possessed deep literature training, creating many works. Meanwhile the demand for the culture of dance accompanied by music of man right society forces a large number of women to Numerous palace women hope making the leap of life by music and dance which gradually became a kind of physique language that they led the emotion off. But palace women’s behavior mode and views of women in actual life made difference from the Confucianists’ ideal palace women image and orthodox views of women in Han dynasty. The main reason which produced this kind of difference was that Confucianism can’t shroud the whole society , realistic interests was higher than the morals idea and " privilege " women’s existence.更多还原