【作者】 杨立君；

【导师】 李浩；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 摄影测量与遥感， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目前常用的小范围地形数据采集方法主要有基于全站仪的地面测量方法和基于摄影经纬仪的地面摄影测量方法。基于全站仪的地面测量方法在一些地势险峻的山区获得三维原始数据时,工作量、工作难度以及危险性都很大,而基于摄影经纬仪的地面摄影测量的作业方法则对专业技能和专业设备要求都很高。普通数码相机获取的数字影像具有成本低、分辨率高、数据采集简便、影像传输与处理快速等方面的优点,因此目前普通数码相机广泛应用于各个领域。但是,目前提出的普通数码相机量测作业方法都是基于直接线性变换算法或光线束法,存在对控制点的个数和分布要求较高,不适宜应用的缺点。针对普通数码近景影像的立体匹配亦有特殊性。 针对以上应用状况,本文提出了以普通数码相机作为数据获取工具,以近景摄影测量技术和数字图像处理技术等作为手段的地形数据的获取技术。普通数码相机作为一种非量测相机,用于量测目的时,其获取的像片存在许多缺点,如,不能准确提供相机的内方位元素,像片的畸变差比较大等。因此,影像数据处理算法与传统的摄影测量算法相比有不同之处。为此,基于非量测数码影像获取三维地形数据的技术研究主要包含如下内容: 1、非量测数码相机的标定方法。研究普通数码相机的量测化可行性、量测化方法和量测化性能。 2、普通数码近景影像的量测处理算法。包括影像工程坐标系的建立;适合非量测数码像片的外方位元素计算方法、相对定向方法和绝对定向方法,及其量测精度评价。 3、适合普通数码近景影像的立体匹配技术方法。 4、基于非量测数码影像的地形数据采集信息系统设计与开发。 研究和大量的实验表明,论文所述非量测数码相机的量测化方法、量测处理算法和立体匹配方法是正确有效的,结合论文研究的数码影像量测处理算法和立体匹配算法,数码相机的量测应用能够降低近景摄影测量作业对设备和技能方面的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays the most common used methods for extracting small range topographic data are the total-station-based ground surveying and the photography-theodolite-based terrestrial photogrammetry. However, when surveying in some hilly areas using the former method, it would become over-workload and sometimes it would be too difficult and dangerous to handle the work. And the later one demands high quality of professional skills and equipages. On the other hand, because of its remarkable merits, such as low-cost, high-resolution, the feasibility of data acquisition, high speed to transmit and process, non-metric digital camera and its imagery are widely used in various domains. But the already proposed algorithms for non-metric digital cameras photogrammetry are mainly based on Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) or Bundle Adjustment, which has defects of demanding too highly for both the quantity and the distribution of the control points. And it is special to stereo-matching of normal close-digital imagery too.In order to overcome the application defects, this dissertation proposes a topographic data extraction technique that uses non-metric digital cameras to obtain data and has Close-Range Photogrammetry and digital image processing technique as it theory basis. As an non-metric camera, when used for photogrammetry, common digital camera has many defects. For example, it cannot provide the interior orientation parameters (IOP’s) with sufficient accuracy, and the distortion of its imagery is comparatively large. Therefore, its image data processing algorithm differs from traditional photogrammetry. Hence, the research on the technique of three-dimension topographic data extraction from non-metric digital imagery is presented as follows:1. The calibration of non-metric digital cameras, including the determination of camera distortion and the IOP’s. And the metricilized use of non-metric camera including the metricilized feasibility, the metricilized methodology and the nature of metriclizing common digital camera.2. The surveying process algorithm to normal close-digital imagery, including the establishment of image engineering coordination system, the photogrammetric algorithms for non-metric imagery such as exterior orientation parameters (EOP’s) calculation, relative orientation , absolute orientation ,and the metricilized evaluation of their accuracy.3. Image stereo-matching method designed for normal close-digital imagery.4. The design and development of the topographic data extraction information system based on non-metric digital imagery.Various researches and experiments have proved that the proposed metricilized method, the surveying process algorithm and the stereo-matching method for non-metric digital cameras are valid and effective. With the proposed digital image surveying algorithm and the stereo-matching algorithm, the digital camera’s metricilized utilization will effectively deskill and de-equip the use of Close-Range Photogrammetry.更多还原