【作者】 葛珉；

【导师】 杨忠孝；

【作者基本信息】 华东政法学院 ， 法律， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 侵权和违约行为总是大量的存在于现实生活中,我们虽然无力根除这些现象,但是我们可以为侵权人和违约方设定损害赔偿责任,既可以抑制侵权与违约行为,也可以补偿受害者的损失。我国现行的民法对于损害赔偿责任的规定主要是补偿性赔偿原则,但是惩罚性赔偿原则——这种在英美法系国家损害赔偿法律制度实践有着积极作用的制度,正逐步影响着大陆法系国家,其适用范围也从侵权法领域扩展至合同法领域。惩罚性赔偿原则以其兼具补偿、惩罚、遏制等多重功能,弥补了补偿性赔偿原则适用的不足之处:在对受害者予以充分地补偿的同时,也对不法加害人予以严厉地制裁,从而在一定程度上遏制损害的再度发生。本文以商品房买卖为中心,围绕最高人民法院《关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》中明确规定的五类购房者可以请求商品房的出卖人承担惩罚性赔偿责任的情形,研究了商品房买卖中适用惩罚性赔偿制度的一系列法律问题,并从法经济学的角度论述了商品房买卖中设置惩罚性赔偿制度的合理性及其存在的意义。此外,笔者结合自己的司法实践,对于最高人民法院《关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的进行了深入解读,探讨了该解释在适用中一些具体问题,提出了具有操作性的解决方案。 本文共分四章,约3万5千字:第一章由惩罚性赔偿与相关基本概念研究出发,从损害赔偿的发生基本原因——侵权行为与违约行为着手,导入惩罚性赔偿及补偿性赔偿的概念,通过比较明晰惩罚性赔偿原则的特点,并着重从合同法领域中,阐述了惩罚性赔偿原则与补偿性赔偿原则的联系以及赔偿原则的确定问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Torts and breach occur inevitably. Though we could not eradicate such illegal actions, we could surely remedy the victims by specifying the damage liability of the infringer and the breach parties.The claim for damage within the framework of Civil law of P.R.China adheres to the principle of compensation. But the principle of punitive damages, which has been functioning well on the research and practice of damages institution in Anglo-American Law System, is exerting the influence on the Continental Law System. Also, its application extends from the torts area to the contract one. The principle of punitive damages make up the loopholes of the principle of compensation with the multiple functions including compensating, punishing and checking. It exerts severe punishment on the infringers as well as completely compensating the victims, so as to preventing the reoccurrence of the damages to some extent.With the focus on the dealing of real estate, this paper puts emphasis on the 5 clearly-specified circumstances adopted into the "Interpretation on the Legal Application to Cases Hearing of Real Estates Dealing Contract" by the Supreme Court, under which the purchasers could claim punitive damages against the sellers of real estates, and addresses a series of the legal issues concerning the application of the punitive compensation to the real estates dealings. Also, this paper puts forward the rationality and significance of punitive compensation institution adopted into the real estates dealing. Moreover, this paper, based on the writer’s judicial practices, probes into the "Interpretation on the Legal Application to Cases Hearing of Real EstatesDealing Contract" by the Supreme Court, discussing several legal issues and putting forward the proposals accordingly.This paper is comprised of 4 chapters, amounting to 35000 words.Chapter one, with the basis of analysis on the fundamental causation of damages, torts and breach, introduces the concepts of punitive damages and compensative damages. After analyzing the attributes of punitive damages, this paper addresses the relation between principles of punitive damages and compensative damages, and thereafter it discusses how we should apply the principal of punitive damages.Chapter two is the legal analysis on the punitive compensation institution. Viewing from its historical evolution and comparison between Anglo-American Law System and Continental Law System, this paper discusses in detail the origin of the punitive compensation, and then it analyzes the structure and fundamental functions including compensating, punishing and checking. After that, this paper makes case studies on the calculation standard and method of the punitive compensation.Chapter three is the economic analysis on the punitive compensation. Based on the economics theory of information asymmetry, this paper probes into the economic causation of frauds occurred in the real estates markets. With that, it puts forward the solution to the "Lemon Market" caused by the asymmetry, that is, the law could establish rules of punitive compensation to alter the anticipation of parties, thus achieve the consistency of justice and efficiency.Chapter four studies the law establishment of punitive compensation. After discussing two heatedly debated issues, this paper construes the current situation of legislation and analyzes the practical issues triggered by the "Interpretation on the Legal Application to Cases Hearing of Real Estates Dealing Contract". Then this paper, with the basis of studies on burden of proof and calculation of the punitive compensation, addresses some proposals to improve the institution of punitive compensation.更多还原