【作者】 赵欣；

【导师】 卢晓江；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 高压水射流成套设备以喷嘴为中心,这是因为喷嘴是形成水射流工况的直接元件,它所造成的结果直接影响到系统的各个部分。研究出性能良好,材料适宜又与主机匹配的喷嘴,将会极大地提高射流效率。喷嘴的型式很多,目前使用最广泛的是针型喷嘴。但随着研究的不断进展,异形喷嘴因为其在某些方面的突出优势已经开始得到越来越广泛的应用。 本论文以正三边形喷嘴和正四边形喷嘴这两种异形喷嘴为研究对象,利用理论与实验相结合的方法,把异形喷嘴和圆形喷嘴作比较,分析喷嘴喷孔形状在不同压力下对其射流特性的影响。论文研究的射流特性参数主要包括:喷嘴的流量（q）、流量系数（μ）、输出功率(P_jet)、打击力（F）。另外,本文还对异形喷嘴的射流形态作了一些实验研究,研究表明这两种异形喷嘴具有很高的集束特性,与圆形喷嘴相比不易雾化。这部分实验为工程上此类异形喷嘴的实际应用作了有益的探索。 本文得出的一些结论是很有价值的:正三边形和正四边形两种异形喷嘴与圆形喷嘴相比,流量系数和打击力较大,射流形态不易破碎,充分显示了其高效节能的特性,适合用于射流切割、穿孔等领域。这对于异形喷嘴无论是在其理论应用的结构设计方面,还是在工程应用的合理选择方面均起到一定的指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nozzle, a very important part in high-pressure water-jet equipment, influences the other parts of the jet system. An appropriate nozzle will obviously enhance the jet efficiency. There are many kinds of nozzles, among which the needle-shape nozzle is widely used in practice. Recently, with the jet research and development, the non-circle jet nozzle is used widely begin to be accepted because of its advantages.In this thesis, experimental studies on the non-circle nozzles （triangle and quadrangle types） have been conducted, and the experimental results are compared with these of the needle-shape nozzle. The experimental results all agree well with those of the theoretical analysis. The water-jet parameters include volume flow rate of the water-jet （q）, discharge coefficient of orifice （μ）, output power (P_jet),and impinging force （F）. In addition, the experimental study on the shape of non-circle nozzle’s jet is performed, and the jet-structure form non-circle nozzle has good stable characteristics compared with that from the needle-shape nozzle. The result would be of benefit to the extending application of the non-circle nozzle.Some experimental results are valuable: the non-circle nozzle’s （triangle and quadrangle） discharge coefficient of orifice and the shape of jet are better then those of the needle-shape nozzle, indicating that the non-circle nozzle is more efficient, and hence the nozzles could be used the cutting or perforating. It is a beneficial investigation in order to apply them in industries. The conclusion acquired in this thesis about the non-circle nozzle is important either in theory or engineering application.更多还原