【作者】 刘佳；

【导师】 王硕；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 发酵工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 除虫脲是一种理想的农作物杀虫剂,它杀虫范围大、药效高、用量少、毒性低、药效期长、对环境污染小、杀虫有选择,是一种很有前途的杀虫剂新品种。因此,对其在环境中残留问题的研究具有重要意义。为获得相关信息,所使用的检测方法必须具有对大量样本进行分析的能力。除虫脲测定的经典方法—气相色谱或高效液相色谱法虽然灵敏度高,但是费用昂贵且耗时耗力,因此需要一些改良的分析方法以便能在短时间内对大量样本进行低成本的分析。对于杀虫剂的分析来说,免疫检测法简单、迅速、精准、性价比高而且适用于实验室或室外,因此该方法已被证明是进行大量样本分析时的最佳选择。 自从1971年被首次应用以来,免疫分析法发展很快,目前已经成为一种比较成熟的杀虫剂残留物检测方法。本文主要研究了用直接竞争性酶联免疫吸附检测法(ELISA)检测土壤及水样中除虫脲含量的方法。文中合成了两种半抗原,分别用它们免疫动物制备抗体并合成酶标记物。经分析检测,选择出最适合的抗体并证明抗体对除虫脲的特异性良好。同时,文中还证明了所用免疫检测法灵敏度高、稳定性好,土壤(90%甲醇萃取)、水样及其它样品基质基本不对检测结果造成影响,对除虫脲的检测限可以达到0.05μg/dm~3。对土壤和水样的添加试验回收率均超过80%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diflubenzuron have desirable features and potential for use as insecticides, it has high insecticidal characteristic and low toxicity.And it has important value about how to analyse the residues in environment. In order to obtain this information,the capacity to analyse a large number of samples should be available. But the classical methods of diflubenzuron analysis by GC or HPLC are expensive and tedious, although they are of adequate sensitivity. Improved analytical methods are needed so that a large number of samples can be inexpensively analysed within a short period of time. Because immunoassay for pesticide analysis is simple, cost effective, and adaptable to laboratory or field, it has been proved to be the best choice for the analysis of the large number of samples.Since it was first used in 1971,immunochemical methods have been rapidly gained acceptance as analytical techniques for pesticide analysis. This paper described the development of sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for quantitative detection of insecticide diflubenzuron in soil and water. Two haptens were synthesised for the production of diflubenzuron antibodies and used in the enzyme conjugate. After analysed, the best antibody was chosen and the developed assay was very specific to diflubenzuron. In the paper, a highly sensitive and specific ELISA method is described.No significant matrix effects from soil (90% methanol extraction), water and other pesticide residues were observed for the developed assay. The detection limit of this assay was 0.05 μ g/dm~3, and more than 80% recovery was obtained for diflubenzuron in soil and water recovery studies.更多还原