【作者】 叶新才；

【导师】 王占岐；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 论文介绍了含油废水的处理方法、膨润土的基本性能、有机膨润土的制备及其在环境保护中应用的研究现状。以新疆乌兰林格膨润土为原料，系统研究了有机膨润土的制备、特性及其对废水中油的吸附行为、机理和再生利用。为拓展膨润土在环境保护中的应用，提高其开发利用的经济效益和开发含油废水处理方法提供了科学依据。 1．在不同试验条件下制备了一系列有机膨润土，并通过对模拟废水中油的去除率来衡量各因素对有机膨润土的吸附性能的影响。结果表明，由长、短碳链季铵盐混合改性制备有机膨润土的最佳工艺条件为：十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和四甲基溴化铵表面活性剂用量(水溶液中质量分数)分别为1％和5％；钠基膨润土用量为10g／100ml；反应温度为70℃；pH值为7；搅拌时间为90min；陈化时间12h：干燥温度为90℃。 2．应用通径系数法对有机膨润土制备中各因素与吸附性能的关系进行了探讨。直接通径系数分析结果表明，在影响有机膨润土吸附性能的各制备因素中，表面活性剂种类和用量的影响是占主要的，其次是膨润土的种类和质量；间接通径系数表明，所考虑的因素除了对有机膨润土的吸附性能有直接影响外，还存在程度不同的间接影响；剩余项的通径系数表明还有部分其它因素(如改性方法、搅拌速率、膨润土粒度以及测量误差等)需要考虑。 3．采用岩矿测试技术对有机膨润土的结构与性能进行了研究。有机物含量测试结果表明，有机膨润土的烧失率和有机物含量随改性剂溶液中长碳链季铵盐改性剂(CTMAB)所占比例增加而增大。X射线粉晶衍射分析结果表明，长碳链季铵盐改性剂(CTMAB)所制备的有机膨润土层间距比短碳链季铵盐改性剂(TMAB)所制备有机膨润土大；由长、短碳链季铵盐混合改性制得的有机膨润土的层间距随长碳季铵盐改性剂(CTMAB)所占比例增加而增大。红外光谱分析结果表明，膨润土的有机改性对蒙脱石的基本晶体结构影响不明显。差热分析表明季铵盐阳离子进入层间使吸附水及结构水减少了，而且有机膨润土的耐热随改性剂溶液中长碳链季铵盐改性剂(CTMAB)所占比例增加而增强。扫描电镜分析结果进一步说明了改性剂加入后，蒙脱石表面填塞了改性剂基团。 4．研究了有机膨润土对含油废水中油的吸附行为。结果表明，所制备的有机膨润土吸附性能均比膨润土原土好，由长、短碳链季铵盐混合改性可以制备出对油吸附性能比单一季铵盐改性剂好的有机膨润土；长、短碳链表面活性剂用量比值大于2时，有机膨润土的除油效果随膨润土中长碳链表面活性剂占的比重增大而增强，当长、短碳链表面活性剂用量比值小于2时，有机膨润土的除油效果随膨润土中长碳链表面活性剂占的比重增大反而减弱。通过单因素试验和正交试验，遴选出了有机膨润土处理含油废水的优化条件：有机膨润土为所制备的1%CTMAB/5%T MABbent.，用土量为1.09/SOml(即2鲍/1)，搅拌时间为120 min.，搅拌速率为15Or/min，pH值6，反应温度35oC，油的初始浓度为115.45mg/1;在此条件下，废水中油的去除率可达97.98%。 5.测定了不同初始浓度的含油废水，在不同有机膨润土用量时油的平衡浓度。结果表明，随着有机膨润土用量增加，油的去除率也增加(即油的平衡浓度减小)。由平衡浓度与膨润土用量曲线及国家对含油废水排放的要求(10 mg/1)，得到了不同油初始浓度一F有机膨润土的用量方程:y二0.0043x十0.0605(式中:X为油初始浓度，雌/1;y为膨润土用量，g/1)。 6.研究了有机膨润土对油的吸附机理。结果表明，水溶液中有机膨润土吸附油过程中由表面吸附和分配作用两种机制共同作用;有机膨润土(1%Cl袖气B/5%T毗B bent.)对废水中油的吸附主要受内扩散动力学控制。 7.初步探讨了加热再生法对有机膨润土的再生利用。结果表明，通过6次再生循环利用的有机膨润土，对油初始浓度为115.45mg/1的废水进行处理，油的去除率达92.2%以上，残余油的浓度在9.01m幼以下，达到国家排放标准的要求。 8.简要经济分析表明，与活性炭相比，有机膨润土处理含油废水及其再生利用是相对经济的。 9.论文创新点: (1)应用通径系数法，定量分析了有机膨润土各制备因素与有机膨润土吸附性能及因素之间的关系; (2)研究了由长、短碳链季铰盐改性剂混合改性制备的有机膨润土对废水中油的吸附性能、优化条件和吸附机理。关键词:有机膨润土，含油废水，废水处理，油去除率，再生更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, the characteristics and applications of bentonite were described. The ways and means to treat oily wastewater were introduced. Especially the preparations, characteristics and applications of organobentonite in environmental protection were also reviewed. Furthermore, the preparations, properties of organobentonite synthesized by using bentonite from Wulanlinge, Xinjiang province have been investigated in detail. The sorption behaviors, mechanisms and rules for organobentonite to adsorb oil from wastewater have been investigated in particular. The reuse and economic analysis of organobentonite used in treating oily wastewater have been investigated as well. It promotes the use and benifits of bentonite and oily wastewater treatment.The preparation of organobentonite using cationic surfactants has been investigated in different conditions. The influences of factors on the sorption of organobentonite have been measured by the removal rate of oil from wastewater made in laboratory. Results indicate that the perfect organobentonite may be obtained under the optimal preparation condition that the addition of sodium rich bentonite is 10%, the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) and etramethylammoniumbromide (TMAB) is 1% and 5%, reacting for 90min. at the temperature of about 70℃, pH value of 7, aging 12h , and then drying at temperature of about 90℃.The correlation coefficients between the preparation factors and the sorption of organobentonite have been investigated by path coefficients. Study of direct path coefficients shows that the most important factor of them is the sort and dosage of cationic surfactants, and the second is the kind and properties of bentonite. Research of indirect path coefficients indicates that all of the factors not only have direct influence on the sorption of organobentonite, the correlations between the factors but also have indirect influence on it. Surplus path coefficient is 0. 418, which suggests that some other important factors (for exam, the modified methods, the velocity of mixing, measure error margin etc.) should be considered.The structures and properties of organobentonite have been investigated by using mineralogical test techniques. Results of organic content analysis show that the organic content of organobentonite increase as the ration of CTMAB to TMAB increase. Studies on X-ray diffraction date (XRD) demonstrates that it is possible to create large interlayer spacing organobentonite by use of organic cation surfactants with suitable balance between the hydrocarbon and ethylene oxide chain lengths, and the value of dom become larger as the percentage of CTMAB increases in the mixed water with CTMAB and TMAB. Results of infrared spectrum (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and’SEM indicate that cationic exchangereaction only happened in interlayer of bentonites, which may not destroy the basic structure of mentmorillonite but bring a few of changes of organic content in the interlayer spacing.The sorption behaviors for organobentonites to sorb oil from water have been investigated. Results indicate that adsorption abilities of organobentonite are higher than that of bentonite unmodified, and adsorption takes an important role when the ration of long-chain quaternary ammonium (CTMAB) to short-chain quaternary ammonium (TMAB) is less 2, otherwise, partition will be prevail adsorption. Results of mono-factor experiment and orthogonal table prove that the optimum reaction conditions for 1% CTMAB /6% TMAB (Na)bent to treat 50ml wastewater which initial oil concentration is 115. 45mg/l may be obtained with the addition of sorbent about 1. Og, pH of 6, reaction temperature of 35°C, reaction time of about 120min and the mixing rate of about 150r/min. The removal rate of oil can be up to 97. 98% in this condition.The equation of the dosage for 1% CTMAB /6% TMAB bentonite to treat wastewater at different oil initial concentration is obtained by the curves of the relation between oil concentration of balance and dosage of organobentonite at di更多还原