【作者】 蒋琳；

【导师】 李杨；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 国民经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国作为世界人口大国，拥有近13亿人口和近8亿的劳动年龄人口，劳动力供给量增长很快。长期以来的经济发展战略和工业化路径选择积累了大量的国企冗员和农村剩余劳动力。随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断深化，传统就业制度被打破，市场化就业机制尚在形成之中。特别是随着国有企业改革的深入，长期以冗员形式存在的隐性失业呈现出显性化趋势。城乡分割的制度壁垒正在被打破，农村剩余劳动力转移速度正不断加快。现阶段的就业问题比较突出，促进就业已成为一项长期的艰巨任务。这要求我们必须从战略高度，系统审视和分析我国的劳动力就业问题，探寻相应的政策措施，有效促进就业增长，缓解现阶段严峻的就业形势。 本文首先对近现代各种失业理论进行总结性回顾，并全面分析比较各国的就业政策，试图为我国现阶段失业问题的分析和解决构建一定的理论基础。本着理论与实践相结合的原则，文章对我国建国以来的就业情况分阶段进行针对性研究，系统的阐述了我国现阶段的就业状况及特征。在此基础上，运用系统分析和发展的观点深入分析现阶段我国突出的就业问题的形成机理，并辅以模型检验。最后，就我国目前以及今后仍将继续存在的失业问题，结合我国经济发展目标，提出相应的对策建议。 全文共分为四个部分： 第一部分：理论篇。在这一部分中，作者对马克思失业理论、西方失业理论以及西方国家主要的就业政策进行系统性回顾和评析。 第二部分：现状篇。作者以我国劳动力就业问题的形成和累积为线索，分阶段分析和描述我国劳动力就业的状况，重点分析深化社会主义市场经济体制四川大学硕卜学位论文以来，我国劳动力就业呈现的主要特点。 第三部分:分析篇。运用系统分析和发展的观点分析现阶段我国突出的就业问题的形成机理。 第四部分:对策篇。为解决现阶段我国比较突出的就业问题，论文分别从发展思路、战略性对策和配套措施三方面提出对策建议。 本文在借鉴西方经济学的有关理论及方法的基础上，对中国新时期劳动力就业中的突出问题进行定性和定量分析，这是本文的一大特色。其中，定性分析主要包括:第一，历史分析;第二，国际比较;第三，系统分析;此外，本文在研究中还使用了一定的定量分析方法，这主要包括:第一，图表分析。第二，弹性分析。第三，模型分析。根据研究目的需要，采用回归分析的方法，利用历史数据，建立函数模型，试图更加准确的解释问题形成的原因或发展变化趋势。 本论文由于作者知识水平的限制还存在许多的不足，例如，对失业水平和现状的定量描述还不足，论据不够充分;对失业成因分析的理论深度还不够。我定当在今后的研究中不断深入和完善。关键词:就业劳动力需求劳动力供给就业制度更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a large developing country, with the population of 1.3 billion and 0.8 billion of them for labor supply whose increase is fast. Strategy of economic development and path of industrialization had resulted in lots of super and surplus labor force both in state-owned enterprises and country. With the deepening of market economy, traditional employment system has been broken, and marketed employment mechanism is coming into existence. To make it worse, the apparent unemployment which used to be hidden in the formation of lay-off is recently exposed by the reform in Chinese enterprises, especially in the state-owned enterprises. With the broken of the division between urban and suburban, the speed of the transfer of countryside surplus labor force is increasing. Theunemployment problem is becoming into a long-term and tough task. So we should research the unemployment issue from a strategy view, make the promotion of employment, alleviate the tense situation of employment.This paper, first, makes an overall review of all kinds of unemployment theories and compares employment policies in different countries, which help to build up a strong theoretical basis for the analysis of China’s unemployment problem. To follow the rule of combining theory with the practice, this paper researches the unemployment problem in every period since the subsistence of P.R.China, and systematically illustrates the present employment situation and characteristic. On basis of that, this paper analyzes the cause of the presentunemployment problem. Finally, it comes to some recommended policies, full of creativity, aimed to solve the unemployment problems with the goal of economic development.This paper could be divided into four parts:Part one--the section of theories. In this part, the author makes an overallreview of the employment theory of Marx, the popular western employment theories and the primal employment policies in the west.Part two--the section of present situation. The author, clue on the historicalcause of China’s employment problem, describes and analyses the situation of China’s employment issue in every period. And he focuses on the primary characteristic and the primary contradiction indicated by the employment problem since deepening the socialistic market-oriented economy.Part three--the section of analyses. By means of the systematic analysis andthe dynamic research, the author analyses the logic cause of the present serious situation of China’s employment problem.Part four--the section of solution. From three aspects such as the developingprogramming, the strategy countermeasure and the relative measures, the author offers the relative policies and suggestion to solve the serious employment problem.This paper, by making use of the relative theories and the researching methods of western economy, quantitatively and qualitatively analyses the prominent contradiction and problem of China’s employment issue in this period. This is one of the features of this paper. And the qualitative analysis mainly includes: first, historical analysis; second, international comparison; third, systematical analysis. In addition, there is some quantitative researching methods adapted in this paper, which includes: first, diagrammatic analysis; second, elastic analysis; third, model analysis. To realize the goal of the research, the author builds up the functional models through the historical data and the regressive method, attempting to explain the cause and the developing trend of the employment problem more correctly.Because of the limited knowledge of the author, for example, the insufficientquantitative describe of the unemployment situation, the unpersuasive argument and the shortage of the theoretical analysis of the unemployment problem, this paper is far from perfect. I will try my best to consummate it in the continuous research.更多还原