【作者】 唐雪峰；

【导师】 罗玉柱；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺双垂直板凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术，对青海三角城羊场的青海细毛羊和甘肃皇城绵羊育种场的甘肃高山细毛羊2个高原型细毛羊品种血液的血红蛋白（Hb）、转铁蛋白（Tf）、红细胞蛋白质-1和红细胞蛋白质-2（EP-1、EP-2）以及酯酶（Es）和淀粉酶（AMY）位点的多态性进行了检测和分析，并与藏羊（繁育在青海三角城、甘肃皇城和甘南州）和岷县黑裘皮羊以及德克塞尔（Texel）和无角陶塞特（Poll Dorset）肉羊进行比较。结果表明，青海细毛羊和甘肃高山细毛羊的血红蛋白（Hb）、转铁蛋白（Tf）和酯酶（Es）基因座上存在丰富的多态性，其中Hb和Es位点受一对等位基因控制，共构成3种基因型；Tf位点受5个等位基因控制，共构成10种基因型；而红细胞蛋白质-1（EP-1）和红细胞蛋白质-2（EP-2）基因座均呈显单态；青海细毛羊的AMY基因座具有AMY1、AMY2、AMY3三种同工酶，其中AMY2呈多态，有AMY2A和AMY2O两种表现型，而甘肃高山细毛羊的AMY呈显单态。从6个血液蛋白位点的Nei氏预期平均基因杂合度（H）所估计的群体内的遗传变异以及与本研究其它群体的结果相比来看，甘肃高山细毛羊和青海细毛羊的群体内的遗传变异相对较大，而其它群体内的遗传变异则相对较小，说明高原型细毛羊群体内遗传变异程度较大，遗传多样性较丰富，具有较大的选择潜力，为高原型细毛羊进一步选育提高提供了遗传基础。根据Nei氏标准遗传距离用平均联结聚类法对检测的8个群体的聚类分析表明，青海细毛羊和甘肃高山细毛羊的遗传距离相对最近，与藏系绵羊的遗传距离相对较近，而与国外引进的肉羊品种间的遗传距离相对较远，说明这些群体的聚类结果与他们形成的地理环境及育成历史基本相符。更多还原

【Abstract】 Study on Polymorphism of Blood Protein (Enzyme) in Alpine MerinoNon–denatured vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to analysis the genetic polymorphism of 6 blood protein loci which were haemoglobin (Hb), transferring (Tf), erythrocyte protein 1 and 2 (EP-1, EP-2), arylesterase (Es) and amylase (AMY) in 2 alpine Merino populations sampled from Sanjiaocheng sheep breeding farm in Qinghai and Huangcheng sheep breeding farm in Gansu to study their genetic variations and differentiations. Meanwhile, Tibetan sheep (breeded in Sanjiaocheng of Qinghai, Huangcheng and Gannan of Gansu ), Mincounty Blank Fur sheep and Texel and Poll Dorset were controlled. The results indicated that polymorphism was tested at the loci of Hb, Tf and Es, that erythrocyte protein 1 and 2 were monomorphism. There were a couple of allele and three genotypes at the loci of Hb and Es. There were 10 genotypes at the locus of Tf, which was determined by 5 alleles. There were three isozyme (AMY1, AMY2 and AMY3) at the locus of amylase in Qinghai Merino, moreover, there were two genotypes of AMY2A and AMY2O at the AMY2. Monomorphism was tested at the locus of AMY in Gansu Alpine Merino. The degree of genetic variability estimated by Nei`s expected average heterozygosity for the 6 blood protein loci was relatively higher in Gansu Alpine Merino and in Qinghai Merino than that in others, which indicated that there are higher genetic variations and richer genetic diversity in Alpine Merino. The dendrogram was constructed by average linkage based on Nei`s genetic distance among the 8 populations. It is suggested that there are the nearest genetic distance between Qinghai Merino and Gansu Alpine Merino, the nearer genetic distance from Tibetan sheep and the further genetic distance from introduced mutton sheep.更多还原