【作者】 陈亮；

【导师】 陈建生；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 岩土工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 堤坝渗漏破坏给国民经济带来了巨大的损失。如何探测岩土体的渗透性质，及在非汛期低水位条件下探测堤坝的渗漏，以便预测高水位条件下的堤坝渗漏及渗透破坏，有很大的理论意义和现实意义。 人工示踪方法已在堤坝渗漏探测中得到广泛应用。本文首先回顾了近年来国内外渗流探测方法，对这些方法进行了综合评价。论文重点讨论了各种测试手段和方法的优缺点，从而证明孔中测渗是直接有效的方法。 传统的点稀释法由于垂向流的干扰无法测定渗透流速。针对这一状况，本文在深入研究了前人的理论后，对垂向流干扰下的水平流测试进行了研究，提出一系列经验公式。同时，对同位素测渗过程中探头影响及同位素半衰期等影响进行分析，提出了误差修正公式。 文中对探测方法进行了探讨，设计出一种同时在孔中测量垂向流和水平流速的测量探头、满足测试理论和测试条件的测量系统、控制系统以及数据处理分析软件。在测量与控制系统的硬件中，重点研究了放射性测量中的随机信号以及弱电流脉冲信号的测量技术，文中还对测控系统的可靠性设计进行了研究。软件系统在专家知识库及分析策略的基础上，结合测量数据，可以计算出岩土体的渗流状况、渗漏的位置、通道发育和影响范围，并分析渗漏形成原因，还可以对堤坝的抗渗能力作出判断。 论文最后介绍了一个工程实例。利用综合示踪探测技术，与文中的试验方法和测量系统进行现场测试，计算出渗漏通道的位置、埋深和渗漏量，与其它资料进行了对比分析，验证了系统的可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has get a huge loses to national economy because of seepage failure. It is significant to detect the dam/dyke leakage and seepage in rock and soil, not only in theoretic but also in practical meaning, under the low-level-water condition in none flood season, for forecasting seepage deformation and seepage failure at high-water-level during flood season.Tracer method has been widely used in seepage investigation. At the first part of this thesis, the methods and technologies in this field in the world has been described and compared. Discussing advantages and disadvantages of those theories and methods, borehole test is proved that it is the only method to measure seepage flow directly in the dam/dyke seepage investigations, while no method can do better than isotope’s today.Traditional dilution theory cannot measure the velocity precisely of seepage flow for the interference of vertical flow in the multi-aquifers. Aim at this condition, after studied many theories and methods in this field, an experienced formula has been drawn out to simpler the seepage calculation, and modified errors coursed by the probe and half-life of isotope tracers.After studied many detection methods, a new probe, a control system and a set of data collective-analysis-software have been developed to measure the horizontal and vertical velocity of seepage flow in the borehole. The hardware design emphasis random-weak-signal measurement in isotope tracer method, and reliability of the system has been discussed in the third part of this thesis. By the expert repository and analyzer in software, expert system can analyze seepage condition and the reason of leakage and find out the leakage place, depth, distraction area, and possible development. Then, draw conclusions of dam/dyke’s ability to burden seepage deformation.At the last part of this thesis, a field test is introduced. Though tracer method, with the theory and measurement system described in this paper, to collect leakage information in field, calculate the leakage parameters, the author finds the real reason of leakage, thus validates the mentioned theory and system.更多还原