化学法制备纳米尺寸镧系金属氢化物及纳米镧系金属粉末

【作者】 金丹；

【导师】 范荫恒；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本项研究工作为国家科学自然基金——“化学法制备纳米稀土金属和稀土氢化物及其性能应用的研究”的资助课题。首次在温和条件下(1 个大气压、45 ℃) ,有机相中,用两种方法:卤代烃引发和金属经活化后利用溶剂效应,取代需在高温(300 ℃)下进行的传统方法,镧与氢气直接反应合成出纳米尺寸氢化镧。比较了不同引发剂和溶剂对该反应的影响。透射电镜(TEM)表征结果:氢化镧的基本颗粒尺寸约为20-40 nm。X粉末衍射(XRD)表征结果表明,其结构为立方晶体。制得的氢化镧粉末活性极高,暴露在空气中着火。选取镧系中的镧、钕、钐、镝、镱五种金属,在温和条件下(1个大气压、45 ℃),有机相中,用卤代烃引发合成蒽镧系金属有机化合物,真空热解首次制备出纳米尺寸镧系金属粉末。TEM测试结果:金属粉末的基本颗粒尺寸为20-40 nm。制备的蒽镧系金属有机化合物及纳米镧系金属粉末活性高,暴露在空气着火。我们所合成的纳米尺寸镧系金属氢化物,蒽镧系金属有机化合物及纳米镧系金属粉末对空气和水气十分敏感,所有实验操作均采用无水无氧的Schlenk 技术。软件开发是目前新兴产业之一,它已成为计算机应用的主流。我们使用Visual Basic 6.0 计算机语言研制出“物理化学实验数据处理软件”,用以解决物理化学实验课教学问题。该软件即将由高等教育出版社出版。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lanthanum hydride is prepared easily by two chemical methods under mild conditions (45 ℃,normal pressure). We investigated the influent of initiating agent and solvent to reactions. Transmission electron micrographs showed that lanthanum hydrides generated are in the form of nanoparticles with an average primary particle size around 20-40 nm. The structure of the lanthanum hydride characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is cube. The reaction of lanthanide powders with anthracene in the presence of initiating agent in tetrahydrofuran(THF)under mild conditions generated organolanthanide compounds. It was found that the decomposition of the organolanthanide compounds in vacuum could give rise to lanthanide powders of nanometric size. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the lanthanide powders formed were in the form of nanoparticles with an average primary particle size around 20-40 nm. Nanometric lanthanide hydrides, organolanthanid complex and nanometric lanthanide metal powders are sensitive to air and moisture, so all manipulations are carried under Ar atmosphere with Schlenk technology.We develop the data processing software of the physical chemistry experiment programmed by Visual Basic 6.0 and sign contract with higher education press.更多还原