【作者】 廖咸康；

【导师】 牛立新；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 枇杷（Eriobotrya japonica Lindl ）属于蔷薇科（Rosaceae）苹果亚科（Maloideae）石楠族（photinjeae）枇杷属（Eriobotrya）的植物。陕南属于枇杷分布的北缘地区，大量的野生毛枇杷资源自古就散生于秦巴山区，据《安康县志》记载在唐代陕南地区出产的枇杷就已作为贡品。近年来枇杷在陕南种植面积日益扩大，成为继柑桔之后的又一个极有发展前途的亚热带果树。 本课题实施的目的是对陕南地区枇杷种质资源及有关栽培技术进行研究，为陕南枇杷区划和生产实践提供理论依据。 试验自 2001 年至 2003 年期间进行，对陕南枇杷种质资源（地方品种、引进品种、本地野生砧木资源）及其在陕南的表现进行了调查研究。调查结果显示目前陕南共有地方传统枇杷品种 4 个，近年引进的外地品种 11 个，野生砧木资源 2 个。 对陕南主要枇杷品种的物候学与果实生长发育规律进行了研究，得出枇杷果实和春梢的发育阶段基本一致的结论，并针对本地枇杷物候期提出了：陕南发展枇杷的优势在于晚熟品种。 对主要的栽培技术进行了试验，包括疏果试验和套袋试验。对供试树分别进行不同疏果时期和不同留果量的处理，得出在陕南枇杷疏除幼果一般分两次进行，即春节前和 3 月份（早熟品种 3 月上旬，晚熟品种 3 月中下旬）；大果型品种每穗留果3-5 个，小果型品种每穗留果 5-8 个的结论。对供试树进行不同时期以及不同材料套袋的处理，结果是套袋能明显改变果实的外观品质，尤其是绿色纸袋和牛皮纸袋，套袋时期以成熟前 45-60 天效果最好。 对陕南枇杷生态气候因子资源进行了调查，包括降雨量、年平均温度、1 月份平均温度、≥10℃年积温、日最低气温≤0℃的天数等，并与刘权提出的枇杷生态指标进行了比较分析，得出陕南海拔 800 米以下的区域是枇杷栽培的适生区，并有着独特的优势。同时提出了陕南枇杷生产和区划建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Theloquat belongs to Rosaceae , Maloideae, photinjeae, Erobotrya.It,s a special fruitresources originated from our country. It tastes daintiness and have been upscale fruit in theworld fruit market. The scope of the loquat producing area is limited. It’s that only our country and Japanexport it to the international market. We usually think of it as minor fruit tree,because of it’slow yield. so, the foundation research on loquat in China is far and far in arrear of theproduction demand. Which can’t match with our plenty resources and large of adapted areas. China is main country of producing loquat in the world. The output can reach 2/3 of theworld. Besides our country ,there are a few nations to produce loquat, such as Japan, India,Brazil, Italian, Spain, Turkey and so on. The loquat cultivars of Taiwan almost came fromJapan. It tasted sour and hasn’t good quality. At present, the area of loquat is 40000 hectare inChina and the yield is under 100000 ton, which can’t meet the demand, therefore, we canpredict that the high-quality, big loquat must be in the world market, and it’s a good chance toestablish the large loquat producing base. The south of Shaan’xi is the north edge region that loquat can live. There are many wildloquat resources in the QinBa mountain. According to <<the history of Ankang>, here, theloquat has already be used as contribution furit since Dang Dynasty. In recent years, the areaof loquat is more bigger than before, which has good prospect after orange fruit tree. The study can perfect and complement the research of loquat resources and cultivation innorth edge of China, also, it can provide the theories basis of producing and practice. On the basis of the experiment and inquisition, this paper has discussed the loquatresources, phenology, cultation, climate resources in the south of Shaan’xi, loquat producing,then gave some advice on loquat producing and page range.更多还原