【作者】 成卫宁；

【导师】 仵均祥； 李修炼；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 美洲斑潜蝇 Liriomyza sativae Blanchard 属双翅目 Diptera，潜蝇科 Agromyzidae，是危害蔬菜的重要害虫之一。本文通过田间小区试验与室内笼罩试验相结合，研究了美洲斑潜蝇对黄瓜、菜豆、番茄等 3 种作物及其各自品种间的选择性与抗生性，在此基础上，测定了 3 种作物叶片的可溶性糖、单宁和蛋白质含量及物理结构。应用简单相关分析法、偏相关分析法及多元回归分析法分析探讨了寄主植物对美洲斑潜蝇的抗虫机制，以期为抗虫品种的选育和利用抗虫品种控制美洲斑潜蝇危害提供理论依据。主要结果如下： 1. 单位叶面积取食点数和虫道数是反映美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性较理想的指标。根据此指标，比较而言，美洲斑潜蝇对黄瓜品种夏丰 1 号，番茄品种 L—402 和菜豆品种地豆王 2 号选择性较强，对黄瓜品种西农 58，番茄品种毛粉 802 和茸粉的多毛株及菜豆品种 95-33 架豆王选择性较弱。 2. 美洲斑潜蝇对不同作物的选择性差异与作物所处的生长发育阶段和作物叶片表皮毛的密度有关。在苗期，美洲斑潜蝇对 3 种作物的选择性大小为菜豆＞番茄（多毛株例外）＞黄瓜＞番茄多毛株；在成株期，选择性大小为菜豆＞黄瓜＞番茄。 3. 对 3 种作物各供试品种上美洲斑潜蝇各虫态发育历期、幼虫和蛹的存活率、蛹重及成虫寿命等指标综合分析表明：在供试的 3 种作物中，菜豆最有利于美洲斑潜蝇的生长发育和存活，其次为番茄、黄瓜；同一种作物不同品种中，黄瓜品种夏丰 1 号，菜豆品种地豆王 2 号及番茄品种毛粉 802 多毛株较适合美洲斑潜蝇的生长发育和存活，黄瓜品种西农 58 号，菜豆品种 95-33 架豆王和番茄品种中杂 9 号较不适合美洲斑潜蝇的生长发育和存活。 4. 在苗期，不同作物及品种对美洲斑潜蝇的抗虫性与蛋白质含量负相关，与可溶性糖和单宁含量正相关。其中，蛋白质是影响美洲斑潜蝇对作物选择性和抗生性的首要因子，可溶性糖为重要因子，单宁为次要因子。同一作物的不同品种比较，单宁是影响美洲斑潜蝇对黄瓜不同品种取食、产卵选择性和抗生性的首要因子；可溶性糖和蛋白质是影响美洲斑潜蝇对菜豆不同品种取食、产卵选择性和抗生性的主要因子；蛋白质是影响美洲斑潜蝇对番茄不同品种取食和产卵选择性的首要因子，蛋白质和单宁是影响番茄品种对美洲斑潜蝇抗生性的主要因子。 5. 试验结果表明，不同作物叶片的可溶性糖（X1），蛋白质（X2）和单宁含量（X3）与单位叶面积取食点数（Y1），单位叶面积虫道数（Y2）和幼虫发育历期（Y3）具有显著的相关关系，据此，建立了作物抗虫程度的多元回归模型如下： Y1= -4.2372-0.2192X1+0.2534X -1.2903X3 （R1=0.8361，F1=8.5187） 2 Y2= -0.3817-0.0263X +0.0241X2-0.0826X （R2=0.8950，F2=14.7637） 1 3 Y3= 7.2753+0.0903X1-0.0661X2+0.0653X （R3=0.9414，F=28.5501） 3<WP=6>6. 不同作物叶片栅栏组织细胞宽度与美洲斑潜蝇幼虫发育历期极显著负相关（p＜0.01），栅栏组织细胞宽度越大，对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的生长发育越有利；海绵组织厚度与单位叶面积虫道数显著负相关（p＜0.05），海绵组织越厚，对美洲斑潜蝇成虫产卵越不利，说明美洲斑潜蝇不嗜好叶片海绵组织；叶片表面茸毛密度与单位叶面积取食点数和虫道数显著负相关（p＜0.05），叶片表面茸毛密度越大，对美洲斑潜蝇成虫取食和产卵越不利。更多还原

【Abstract】 Liriomyza sativae Blanchard ( Diptera:Agromyzidae) is one of the important pests whichendanger vegetables. This paper studied the selectivity of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard tocucumber, bean, tomato and to different varieties among these crops in lab and field, as wellas the antibiosis. Contents of soluble sugar, tannin and protein, as well as physics constructionof leaves of the 3 kinds of crops were measuresed. By relative analysis, partial correlationanalysis and multiple regression analysis, the resistance mechanism was discussed to providethe theoretical basis for breeding varieties resistant to Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and usingthe varieties to control Liriomyza sativae Blanchard. The main results were as follows: 1. The numbers of feeding punctures and worm trails per unit area in leaves were idealselectivity index of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard to host plant. According to this index,comparatively speaking, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard showed stronger selectivity to Xiafeng1 (cucumber), L-402 (tomato) and Didouwang 2 (bean), and less selectivity to Xinong 58(cucumber), Maofen802 and Rongfen (tomato), 95-33 Jiadouwang (bean). 2. Selectivity difference of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard to different crops related withepidermis hair density of leaf and growth stage of crops. Crops could be ranked from bean,tomato (with exception of hirsute variety), cucumber to tomato (hirsute variety) in seedlingstage, from bean, cucumber to tomato in maturing stage according to the selectivity ofLiriomyza sativae Blanchard from high to low. 3. On the basis of develepmental duration, survival rates of larva and pupa, pupa weightand adult longevity of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard in different varieties of the 3 crops, anintegrated analysis was carried out. The result indicated that bean is the most favorable onefor development and growth of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard among the 3 kinds of plants,tomato is the second, cucumber the third. For the different varieties of one plant, XiafengNo.1 (cucumber), Didouwang No.2 (bean) and Maofen802 (tomato) are more suitable fordevelopment and growth of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, but Xinong No.58(cucumber) ,Zhongza No.9 (tomato) and 95-33 Jiadouwang (bean) are less suitable. 4. Resistance of different crops or varieties to Liriomyza sativae in seedling period had anegative relation with protein content, positive relation with solulbe sugar and tannin content.Among them, the protein was the initial factor which affects the selectivity and antibiosis ofLiriomyza sativae to different crops, soluble sugar was the important factor, tannin was theminor factor. For the different varieties of one plant, the tannin was the initial factor affectingthe selectivity and antibiosis of Liriomyza sativae to different varieties of cucumber; Soluble<WP=8>sugar and protein were the major factors which affect the selectivity and antibiosis ofLiriomyza sativae to different varieties of bean; the protein was the initial factor to affect theselectivity of oviposition of Liriomyza sativae to different varieties of tomato, the protein andtannin were the main factors which affect antibiosis of Liriomyza sativae to different varietiesof tomato. 5. The result showed that contents of soluble sugar (X1), tannin (X2) and protein (X3) inleaves of the crops had significant relation with the numbers of feeding puntures (Y1), wormtrails per unit area (Y2) in leaves and developmental duration of larva (Y3), so the regressionmodel was built. Y1= -4.2372-0.2192X1+0.2534X -1.2903X3 （R1=0.8361, F1=8.5187） 2 Y2= -0.3817-0.0263X +0.0241X2-0.0826X 1 3 （R2=0.8950, F2=14.7637） Y3= 7.2753+0.0903X1-0.0661X2+0.0653X 3 （R3=0.9414, F3=28.5501） 6. The correlation between developmental duration of larva and width of palisade tissuecell of different crops was negative significant (p<0.01). The wider palisade tissue cell was,the better更多还原