【作者】 麻妙锋；

【导师】 吴文君；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农药学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）、小麦赤霉病菌（Fusarium graminearum）、辣椒疫霉病菌（Phytophthora capsici）、玉米大斑病菌（Exserohilum turcicum）、小麦白粉病菌（Erysiphe graminis）等13 种植物病原真菌为供试病原菌，采用离体生测与盆栽实验相结合的测定方法，主要对南欧丹参抑菌活性作了较为系统的研究，初步得出以下结果。1.石油醚为提取南欧丹参花活性成分的最佳溶剂，石油醚提取物在离体条件下能显著抑制多种供试真菌菌丝的生长，在500?g·mL-1 供试浓度下，其对番茄灰霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌、烟草赤星病菌、小麦根腐病菌、苹果轮纹病菌等6 种病原真菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为82.7%、72.5%、90.6%、79.8%、74.1%、80.9%。经毒力测定，南欧丹参花提取物对番茄灰霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌、烟草赤星病菌的毒力较好，EC50分别为77.20、26.98、58.07 ?g·mL-1。在抑制孢子萌发试验中，南欧丹参花提取物对供试的小麦根腐病菌、玉米大斑病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均很低。2.南欧丹参种子及茎叶的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮提取物对供试的小麦根腐病菌、番茄早疫病菌、油菜菌核病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长没有明显的抑制作用。3.在盆栽试验中，南欧丹参花石油醚提取物在1000?g·mL-1 的浓度下对小麦白粉病有良好的防治作用，保护效果为94.94%，治疗效果为84.21%。4.采用薄层层析、逐级柱层析及生物活性测定相结合的活性追踪方法，对南欧丹参花抑菌活性成分进行了分离。从石油醚、乙酸乙酯提取物中共分离得到4 个化合物，即NW1、NW2、NW3、NW4，经1H NMR、13C NMR 和DEPT 等波谱分析，鉴定NW1 为香紫苏醇、NW2 为β-谷甾醇、NW3 为正三十二烷、NW4 为长链脂肪酸，其结构有待进一步鉴定。5.香紫苏醇是主要活性成分。对油菜菌核病菌、烟草赤星病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦根腐病菌菌丝生长的抑制中浓度（EC50）分别为7.25、11.45、63.57、8.69?g·mL-1；对小麦根腐病菌、玉米大斑病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均较低；在1000?g·mL-1 浓度下对小麦白粉病的保护效果为86.4%，治疗效果为94.7%。6.β-谷甾醇没有明显的抑菌活性；正三十二烷对油菜菌核病菌的抑制作用最好，500?g·mL-1 浓度下对菌丝生长的抑制率为82.3%；长链脂肪酸500?g·mL-1 浓度下对苹果炭疽病菌、油菜菌核病菌、番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为65.4%、90.2%、75.3%。1000?g·mL-1 浓度下二者对小麦根腐病菌、玉米大斑病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均大于80%。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is an important way to search new fungicides from plants. Tested with Botrytiscinerea Fusarium graminearum Phytophthora capsici Exserohilum turcicum Glomerellacingulata Bipolaris maydis and Erysiphe graminis et al 13 kinds of fungi, the bioactivity ofsalvia sclarea was studied by a systematic way in vitro and pot test. The results are asfollows: 1. The flowers of salvia sclarea were extracted with systematic solvents. The bioassayresults indicated that the optimal solvent extracting active components was petroleum ether. Italso showed that the petroleum ether extract could markedly inhibit the various hypha growth,its inhibition ratio to hypha of 6 fungi are more than 70% respectively, its EC50 value againstBotrytis cinerea sclerotinia sderotiorum Alternaria longipes was 77.20 26.98 58.07μg·mL-1 respectively. 2. The seeds and leaves of salvia sclarea were extracted with petroleum ether, ethylacetate, acetone respectively, and the three extracts showed low ihhibition to hypha of 5 fungi. 3. The result of pot test indicated that the protective effect and therapeutic effect of thepetroleum ether extract against the Erysiphe graminis were 94.9% and 84.2% respectively. 4. By the chromatogram, 4 constituents were isolated from petroleum ether extract andethyl acetate extract of the flowers ,which are sclareol, β-sitosterol, dotriacontane,fatty acidrespectively. 5. The bioassay of fungicidal activity showed sclareol had strong inhibition againstsclerotinia sderotiorum Alternaria longipes Botrytis cinerea Bipolaris sorokiniana,whichEC50 were 7.25 11.45 63.57 8.69μg·mL-1. At the concentration of 1000μg·mL-1, the resultof pot test indicated that sclareol had strong inhibition to wheat powdery mildew, protectiveeffect was 86.4%, therapeutic effect was 94.7%. 6. Dotriacontane showed obvious inhibiting to sclerotinia sderotiorum.The inhibitionratio of fatty acid to hypha of 3 fungi were above 60% respectively.Both dotriacontane andfatty acid had strong inhibition to Exserohilum turcicum and Bipolaris sorokiniana.更多还原