【作者】 林琎；

【导师】 张兴；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农药学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 脱氧鬼臼毒素为木脂素类化合物，主要存在于小檗科多年生草本类群鬼臼亚科八角莲属、桃儿七属、山荷叶属及足叶草属植物中。西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心从柏科植物砂地柏中分离得到了该化合物，杀虫活性测试表明，脱氧鬼臼毒素对粘虫和菜青虫均具有较高的拒食作用，对菜青虫和小菜蛾有一定的胃毒作用；对菜青虫中肠蛋白酶、羧酸酯酶及多功能氧化酶等酶系均具生物活性，同时对神经－肌肉电传导也有抑制作用而致试虫麻痹。本研究在此基础上，以粘虫和菜青虫为试虫，对脱氧鬼臼毒素的拒食作用、生长发育抑制作用及胃毒毒杀作用进行了较为系统的研究，结果表明： 1 脱氧鬼臼毒素对粘虫具有较强的拒食和生长发育抑制作用，对菜青虫具有较强的拒食和胃毒毒杀作用； 2 脱氧鬼臼毒素对粘虫的生长发育有显著抑制作用。处理试虫发育历期延长，化蛹率、羽化率及产卵率均降低，异常化蛹率比对照高 31.58％；处理试虫的取食量下降，蛹和成虫的个体变小；产卵量降低； 3 脱氧鬼臼毒素引起粘虫产生拒食作用最强的感官是触角顶端和下颚须顶端，拒食率分别为 47.8005％和 44.2328％；而对舌中央、上颚及下颚须瘤状体的作用次之，均在30％以下； 4 脱氧鬼臼毒素可致菜青虫体壁几丁质相对含量降低 22.51％； 5 菜青虫经脱氧鬼臼毒素饲喂处理后，其体壁、中肠和精囊部分与对照相比发生了明显的病理变化，即体壁厚薄不均，其下几乎无脂肪层；体壁细胞核膜不清晰，细胞核肿胀，内容物稀疏，部分营养细胞自耗成空腔，颜色变淡；中肠厚薄不均，肠壁细胞逐渐浑浊不连续，中肠细胞间隙拉大；中肠刷状细胞微绒毛萎缩并局部被破坏脱落，较稀疏；肠壁细胞内细胞器减少，细胞内质网排列紊乱，核糖体局部脱落；精囊小室隔膜模糊消融，精囊小室内含物变少； 6 脱氧鬼臼毒素处理粘虫 48h 后，中肠脂肪酶活力是对照的 3.62 倍，其对淀粉酶和蛋白酶的抑制率分别为 39.88％和 47.08％； 7 脱氧鬼臼毒素对菜青虫酯酶活性有明显激活作用，处理后 48h 酯酶活性为对照的2.12 倍，而对粘虫酯酶活性有明显抑制作用，处理后 12h 抑制率为 32.35％； 8 脱氧鬼臼毒素处理菜青虫后，SOD 活力增强，CAT 活力先被抑制然后再被激活最后又逐渐恢复到对照水平，POD 被明显激活；脱氧鬼臼毒素处理 4 龄粘虫后，SOD、CAT、POD 活力均明显被抑制；<WP=9>9 通过以上研究，初步推断脱氧鬼臼毒素的作用机制为：①影响口器上厌食及其他化感器产生初生拒食反应；②作用于消化系统形成次生拒食反应；③障碍形态发生肽类激素的释放，影响蜕皮激素、保幼激素的分泌导致生长发育受阻，生殖力下降；④影响昆虫表皮几丁质的沉积，导致生长发育受阻；⑤酯酶参与了脱氧鬼臼毒素的代谢。⑥作用于保护酶系，试虫自身防御反应随之改变，耐药性发生改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deoxypodophyllotoxin belongs to lignans, it mainly exists in some plants such as vivaciousherbaceous group of Podophylloideae Dysosma、Sinopodophyllum、Diphylleia 、Podophyllum inBerberidaceae.Deoxypodophyllotoxin was extracted from non-essential oils of Sabina vulgris Ant.by the Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide of NWSUAF,the insecticidalactivity of deoxypodophyllotoxin was tested partly,Previous researchs showed thatDeoxypodophyllotoxin possed strong antifeedant against Mythimna separata W. and Pieris rapaeL.. Deoxypodophyllotoxin also had high stomach poisonous against Pieris rapae L.and Plutellaxylostella L.;Moreover, Deoxypodophyllotoxin had biological activity to such enzymes as themidgut protease of Pieris rapae L.,carboxylic acid esterase and multi-functional oxidase ,etc., andit had inhibition to nerve-muscle telex ,which caused worm’s paralysis similarly.Based on aboveresults, using the cabbage caterpillar and armyworm as test insects, this paper make further studyon the function mechanism of Deoxypodophyllotoxin，results are as follows: 1 Deoxypodophyllotoxin have strong antifeedant and the function of development inhibitionto armyworm, strong antifeedant and stomach poisonous to cabbage caterpillar. 2 Deoxypodophyllotoxin have strong development inhibition to armyworm. The stage oftreated insects were delayed, pupation rate, eclosion rate and oviposition quantity all reduced,abnormal pupation rate is 31.58% higher than CK; the feedant quantity of treated insects is fewerthan CK, pupae and adult are all smaller than CK; the oviposition quantity reduced. 3 The strongest antifeedant action caused by Deoxypodophyllotoxin acts on the top ofantenna and the beard of submaxillary ,the antifeedant rates were 47.8005% and 44.2328%,respectively; The antifeedant rate caused by the rest sensory organs were all under 30%. 4 The content of the chitin in the epidermis in treated cabbage caterpillar depressed by22.51%. 5 After treated by Deoxypodophyllotoxin,the body wall、the cell in mid intestines and thespermatophore were came into being pathology change, the thickness of the wall is odds,andleanness under the wall. The nuclear membrane of the wall is not clearly and the nuclear isswelling.the content in the nuclear turnned sparsity. Some nutrition consume itself to be cavum,thecolor turned lighter; the thickness of midgut is odds , the gap of parietal cell of midgut becamegreater, microvillus shrink, destroyed and fall off ,sparseness. Organelle were lessen ,the linage ofendoplasmic reticulum foul-up and ribosome fall off. The dissepiment between closets ofspermatophore was melt and the content in closets were fewer. 6 Deoxypodophyllotoxin has definite action to mid intestines digest enzyme in cabbagecaterpillar, and it can activate mid intestines lipase and restrain amylase and albumen enzyme.<WP=11>7 Deoxypodophyllotoxin has strong activation to esterase.in cabbage caterpillar andinhibition to esterase.in armyworm. 8 Deoxypodophyllotoxin has strong influence on protection enzyme in cabbage caterpillarand armyworm. After deal with Deoxypodophyllotoxin, the activity of SOD in cabbage caterpillaris enhanced, and the activity of CAT is restrained at first, then enhanced, at last back to the level ofCK, and the POD is obviously enhanced. The SOD、CATand POD of the fourth instar armywormare all strongly restrained. 9 Based on above results, the function mechanism of Deoxypodophyllotoxin may be asfollowing：(1)Influenc on apocleisis and other chemical sense devices of mouthpart and producingprimary antifeedant reaction.(2) Act on digestive system, forming secondary antifeed reaction.(3)Counteract releasing of the peptide hormone, it cast off a skin hormone , assuare the younghormone is dripped degree to influence, suppress and grow and make reproduction strengthdrop;(4) The chitin of insect’s epidermis was influenced,which results in growing and obstructingind更多还原