【作者】 周一万；

【导师】 张兴；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农药学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 砂地柏是我国较有开发潜力的杀虫植物之一，鬼臼毒素是其中的一种重要杀虫活性物质。关于砂地柏杀虫活性的已有的研究报道主要集中在活性物质的分离鉴定、构效关系及毒理等方面，鲜有关于其作为杀虫剂产品开发应用的研究报道。因此，以鬼臼毒素为主成分，将砂地柏提取物加工成适宜的制剂，并将其应用于生产具有重要的意义。 本论文以微乳剂的结构理论为指导，以理化性能研究、室内生物测定和田间药效相结合的方法对鬼臼毒素微乳剂及其增效混配进行了较为系统的研究。筛选出了适合于配制以砂地柏乙醇提取物浸膏为原料的鬼臼毒素微乳剂的溶剂系统、助溶剂（助表面活性剂）系统和乳化剂系统，并成功配制出 0.15％鬼臼毒素微乳剂，其组成为：砂地柏茎叶乙醇提取物浸膏 10％（以鬼臼毒素计为 0.15％），乳化剂 20％，溶剂及助溶剂（助表面活性剂）30％，水 40％。质量检测结果表明，该制剂各项指标均符合商品农药的要求。田间试验表明，该制剂稀释 250 倍对菜青虫的防效达 83.59％，与对照药剂 0.5％楝素乳油稀释 800 倍的防效无显著差异。借鉴现行相关农药制剂的通用技术指标，结合鬼臼毒素微乳剂的特点，制定了鬼臼毒素微乳剂的产品质量标准。 建立了鬼臼毒素微乳剂中有效成分的分析方法——HPLC 法，方法回收率 97.80～101.00％，标准偏差 0.001581，变异系数 1.04％，符合常量分析的要求。 将鬼臼毒素与多种化学农药混配，经过严格的室内筛选试验，研制出了 1.15％鬼臼毒素·三氟氯氰菊酯微乳剂，该剂在室内对小菜蛾 3 龄幼虫表现出显著的增效作用，以72 小时死亡率计算共毒系数（CTC）为 154.17。田间试验结果表明该混剂稀释 1500 倍对菜青虫药后 1d 的防效达 94.12％，显著优于对照药剂 2.5％功夫乳油稀释 2500 倍的防效，具有很好的速效性，有较高的实际应用和推广价值。 作为一个具有现实商业意义的新产品，0.15％鬼臼毒素微乳剂已申请国家发明专利（申请号：200310122231.1）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sabina vulgaris is a potenial insecticidal plant,in which the podophyllotoxin is the maincompound with insecticidal activity. Many studies with the plant and the Compound havebeen conducted, but there are not any podophyllotoxin-based formulations. Therefore,basedon structure theories of micro-emulsion (ME), the podophyllotoxin-based micro-emulsifier(PBME) was successfully developed.The results are reported as follows: Firstly,a measured up podophyllotoxin ME whose transparent temperature range is -3～62℃was obtained by providing an inert matrix composition comprising a defined mixture ofa nonionic surfactant(DBS-Ca) and an anionic surfactant,mixing with the extract ,organicsolvents ,co-solvent or co-surfactant,and diluting with water to form a microemulsionconcentrate.The quality test showed that the formulation is eligible .The results of field trialsshowed that the Pieris rapae L.could be effectively controlled by spray a 250 fold dilution of0.15% podophyllotoxin ME.According to the related universal standard of pesticide,thequality indexes for 0.15% podophyllotoxin ME were established. Secondly,a HPLC analytical method for podophyllotoxin in the ME has been established,of which the standard deviation, coefficient of variance(CV) and average recovery was0.001581, 1.04％ and 99.3％ respectively. Thirdly, based on the extensively screening of being mixed with 11 kinds of organicinsecticides,a mixture —1.15% podophyllotoxin-cyhalathrin ME was born with highbioactivity.The mixture showed remarkable synergic bioactivity against P. xyloste in thelaboratory condition, whose co-toxicity coefficient(CTC) was 154.17. The result of field trialsshowed that the Pieris rapae L.could be effectively controlled by spraying with a 1500 folddilution of 1.15% podophyllotoxin-cyhalathrin ME. As a competitive new product,the patent has been applied.更多还原