【作者】 刘亚敏；

【导师】 胥耀平；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 化感作用是自然界普遍存在的自然现象，本论文对植物的化感作用的研究现状、提取分离方法及影响化感作用的因素进行了综述。胡桃科植物是自然界化感作用较强的一个科，本论文对胡桃科植物的研究进展进行了综述。本论文对核桃叶提取物石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物对苜蓿、莴苣、小麦、西红柿、黄瓜进行化感实验。结果表明核桃石油醚提取物部分在三种提取物中活性最强，表现了很强的抑制作用。可以用来开发环保型除草剂。对核桃叶这一资源可以进行合理的开发利用。同时也减少化学合成农药的大量使用。可以很好的保护生态环境，同时也是对资源的综合开发利用。正丁醇部分的化感活性最低。将核桃叶石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物配抑菌活性实验，结果表明石油醚提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、康氏木霉有抑菌活性，对金黄色葡萄球菌、小麦赤霉菌无抑菌活性。乙酸乙酯提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌，对康氏木霉、小麦赤霉菌无抑菌活性。正丁醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、小麦赤霉菌存在杀菌活性。对核桃叶挥发油化学成分进行分析，鉴定出 20 种化合物，所鉴定的成分占挥发油色谱峰总峰面积约 90.84％， 定性定量分析结果表明，西洛 3 号核桃叶挥发油中主要含有芳香烃类（76.48％）、烯烃类（4.13％）、醇类（4.14％）、酸类（4.14％）、酮类（4.75％）和酯类（0.87%）。未检出结构的化学成分约占 9.16％。对核桃叶挥发油进行抑菌分析，结果表明对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、小麦赤霉菌均存在抑制作用，在较高浓度对大肠杆菌、康氏木霉菌存在抑制，在低浓度无抑制作用。从核桃叶乙酸乙酯部分分离出一个化合物，经化学定性反应和光谱测定，化合物鉴定为山奈酚－3－0－α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷。本研究结果表明核桃叶石油醚提取物存在较好化感活性，而正丁醇提取物、挥发油存在较好的抑菌活性。这为开发新型环保型生物源农药（除草剂、杀菌剂）提供了新的依据，同时为核桃叶这一丰富的再生资源的开发利用开辟了一条新的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Allelopathy is common phenomenon in biospere.In this paper,current situation of researchon allelopathy was disscussed,origination,types,research methods on allelopathy Applicationprospects of allelopathy was also predicted in production.The allelopathy effects of JulansregiaL.were summarized.Julans regia was reported to have allelopathic potentials in ourprevious paper. The allelopathic effects of petroleum ether extract ,ethyl extract,n-butanol extract ofJuglans regia L.on the germination and seedling growth of 5 accepter plants ,i.e.purple medic,lettuce,wheat,tomato,cucumber were studied.The study indicated that three extracts haveallelopathic effects .Allelopathic effects of petroleum ether extract were the strongest. The three different extracts from walnut leaves were tested for antibacterial andantifungal activity, the results showed that the extract of petroleum ether and n-butanol hadthe remarkable bacteriostasis against the three bacterias and two fungus tested,and thehigher the concentration,the larger the bacteriostasis was different activity againstStaphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis, Escherichea coli ,Trichoderma koningii,Gibberellafujikuroi. An essential oil was extracted from Juglans regia L. (xi luo No.3) growing in ShaanxiProvince by steam distillation. 20 volatile components of the oil were identified by GC-MS.The main components are aromatics (76.48%), alkenes (4.13%), alcohols (4.14%), acids(4.14%), ketones (4.75%) and esters (0.87%). The total identification ratio was ca. 90.84%. The oil extracted from walnut leaves were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity,the results showed that the oil of walnut leaves had bacteriostasis activity againstStaphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis, Escherichea coli ,Trichoderma koningii,Gibberellafujikuroi. One flavonoide was isolated from the dried leaves of Juglans regia. The chem.icalstructures were elucidated as kaempferol-3-O-arafuranoside (Ⅰ). This study showed that petroleum ether extract had strongest allelopathic effects,and willoffer new evidence for exploiting environment-friendly herbicides.更多还原