【作者】 何良荣；

【导师】 张改生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 新疆南疆塔里木垦区具有丰富的光热资源，海岛棉比例约占全区 85%左右,是我国最大的海岛棉生产基地，但处于世界海岛棉生产的最北端，热量条件并不十分理想，是纤维强力低的一个主要限制因素。 1.对南疆自育海岛棉品种系谱及主要特征特性演变分析得出：14 个品种中 13 个来自中亚埃及型海岛棉品系 9122И，遗传基础狭窄；育种方法主要采用系统育种、杂交等常规育种方法。纤维品质中尤其是比强度得到很大提高，抗枯、黄萎病有突破，衣分增加，单铃重变幅不大是南疆海岛棉品种的基本生态型。株型由零式紧凑株型演变为零式混生有限长果枝、铃柄较长为较理想株型，且株高增加。 2.以海岛棉品系 96-107（2003 年 2 月审定，定名为新海 21 号）为试验材料，研究得出：棉铃主要经济性状空间分布结果表明，棉铃在植株上的着生位置不同，其相应的经济性状也存在同株差异。主位铃优于次位铃，在纵向分布中除衣分、马克隆值外的经济性状均具有中段优势，其中 8-15 节是构成棉花单株产量的主体部分，单铃重高、衣分高，同时纤维品质优良。第 9-15 节主位铃铃期明显缩短具有集中吐絮的优点。棉铃经济性状空间分布的聚类及比较的结果是，8-13 节>2-7 节>14-18 节。第8-10 为经济性状敏感部位，此部位棉铃的发育时期为高产栽培关键时期。作为育种选单株时要注重此部位铃的选择，确保高产与优质。 3.经相关和通径分析，株高、节数、单株铃数、单铃重与单株产量间呈极显著的正相关，单株铃数对单株产量的直接作用最大，其次单铃重，株高、节数通过铃数产生的间接作用大。比较不同株高棉株的结铃性时空分布，结果是分布有明显区别，高株显著优于中等株，优于矮株；矮株成铃主要集中于中下部主位铃，高株则节数多，各部位开花成铃率高，以中上部主、次位铃为主，单铃重高，品质优。海岛棉高产栽培中应保证一定的株高、节数，搭起丰产架子的同时促进中上部节位的次位铃的开花成铃率，充分将棉株高度及高光合效能的优势充分发挥出来，使棉花在最佳成铃时间和空间内多成桃。 4.初步确定高产优质海岛棉成铃理想的时间分布为，7 月 1 日前占 15-20%，7 月1-20 日占 60-70%，7 月 20 日以后占 15-20%；空间分布为，2-5 节占 20%，6-13 节占60-65%，14 节以上占 15-20%，其中主位铃占 65-70%，次位铃占 30-35%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinjiang Tarim, which being abundant resource of sunlight and heat, is thelargest production base of sea-island cotton where the proportion is about 85% in ourcountry. But it locates the furthest north of sea-island cotton cultivated area. Heat quantitybecomes the one of main confined factors of low fiber strength. 1. Character evolves and pedigree relative of cultivars are analysis. 13 of 14 cultivarsderived from central Asian-Egyptian type sea-island cotton 9122И. The main breedingmethods are pedigree selection and single cross .From the results, inheritance foundation isnarrow. The trends of main traits is that fiber quality is enhanced, especially strength,resist-diseases gain breakthrough, lint percentage is increased, the change breadth of bollweight is slight. Boll weight is basic ecotype. Plant type becomes zero-fruit-branch withlimited long-branch and long stem from intensive type. Plant height is heightened. 2. Studies on space-distribution of economic characters on cotton (Xinhai 21) show:The differences of cotton boll position in the same plant result in differences in economiccharacters. Traits are advantages in middle sites in plant, except for lint percentage and Mic,and the first boll is superior to that of hypo-site. 8-15 nodes are main position formingyield per plant. The first boll of 9-15 nodes has intensively opener. The result of clusteringand comparing is 8-13>2-7>14-18 in space distribution. 8-10 nodes are the most sensitiveposition where boll development period is key in fertility culture and breeding. 3. Analysis of correlation and directly path presents there are notable positivecorrelation between yield per plant and height、node number、boll number、boll weight, ofwhich the direct function of the boll number per plant is maximum, boll weight is second,and the indirect function caused by boll number of height and node number is larger.Comparison space-time distribution of boll-forming ability in different height shows thatboll number and weight of the tall plant is marked superior to that of medium and shortplant. The low’s boll mainly centralizes in the first boll position in middle and low sites.There are many nodes and bolls in tall, and its boll weight is large. Especially the rate ofboll setting hypo-site is larger than the short. 4.The ideal percent of space-time distribution of boll number is before July,1(15-20%),July,1-20(60-70%), July,20 onwards(15-20%), 2-5 nodes(20%), 6-13 nodes(60-65%),upwards 14 nodes(15-20%), the first boll(65-70%), hypo-site(30-35%), respectively.更多还原