【作者】 杨朝晖；

【导师】 刘俊民；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来随着人口的增长，甘肃中部地区水资源供需矛盾日益突出，大量的生态建设用水被挤占，生态环境恶化的趋势得不到有效遏制。脆弱的生态环境和不断增长的人口使该地区人口、资源、环境的关系严重失衡，制约着甘肃中部地区和全省经济社会的可持续发展，影响黄河中上游的防洪安全和西北地区生态大环境的改善。论文以黄河中上游生态环境最为脆弱的甘肃中部地区为研究对象，通过现状调查、分析计算和实际类比，采用定量与定性相结合的方法，分析研究工程建设对生态环境的影响，主要有以下内容：调查甘肃中部地区生态环境现状，收集自然地理、地质地貌、地质构造及气候、气象、水文和植被等资料，分析研究当地突出的生态问题和社会经济问题。研究甘肃中部地区水资源现状，分析造成该地区水资源匮乏、生态环境脆弱的历史原因和现实条件。通过深入调查了解，对与水利工程的建设、运行和管理有着密切联系的各类生态环境问题进行分类，在此基础上，研究引洮工程对甘肃中部地区的生态环境正反两个方面的影响。主要有利影响：明显改善研究区以极度缺水为特征的水生态环境条件，人均水资源量增加1.4倍以上，扩大地下水的开采能力，提高现有水利工程和水资源的利用效率，为治理水土流失、改善生态环境创造有利条件。同时极大地改善农业生产条件，增加农民收入，为发展林牧业、调整农业生产结构创造有利条件，从而缓解人口增长对资源、环境的压力，从根本上改善研究区的生态环境。主要不利影响：改变原有地形地貌，破坏部分耕地和植被，可能引发滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害；工程弃渣、弃土导致土壤强度侵蚀，从而产生新的水土流失；工程建成后，部分山坡地灌区会产生滑坡，黄土塬地在灌溉初期可能出现普遍的地面湿陷；川道地区由于灌溉使地下水位上升，局部地区可能出现土壤次生盐渍化。借鉴当地开展小流域治理、水土保持、林草植被、农业生态建设的成功经验，研究引洮工程项目区生态环境建设的合理规划，对生态环境建设的措施和途径进行了有益的探索，提出切实可行的治理保护措施。研究得出结论，引洮工程在局部小范围和一定时期内对水生态环境会产生一些不利影响，可通过采取科学的治理和保护措施，将不利影响减少到最低程度。就整体而言，工程的实施将从根本上改变该地区水资源紧缺现状，增加生态用水量，促进水土保持工作，改善农业生产条件，提高人民的生活质量，解决因水资源匮乏而导致的贫困落后等社会经济问题，整个甘肃中部地区的面貌必将发生极大的改观。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, with the dramatically increasing of pollution, the shortage of water resources is increasing of pollution; the shortage of water resources is increasingly obvious. Because the water for building the eco-environment is occupied, the aggravation of eco-environment can’t be controlled. The fragile environment and the increasing pollution make the region lose. the balance of pollution resource ,environment, handicap the sustainable development of the central part of Gansu and Gansu province and affect the safety of flood prevention of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River ,and the improvement of eco-environment of northwest of china.By investigating, calculating and analogizing, the paper analyzes the infection on environment of the project with combining ration and generalization. The main contents will be discussed next.It investigated the status in quo about the environment, colleted the data about nature and weather, and research the problem on zoology and society. It also research the status in quo on water resource and analyze the reason.By the in-depth realization, the paper finds the main two aspects on environment of the project.The main advantaged aspect is clearly improving water lack, adding the quantity of water per capita, enlarging the ability of mining groundwater, improving efficiency of water work, creating the vantage for fathering environment. At the same time, the project will advantage the condition for agriculture work, enhance the income of farmer, relax the press on environment of population explosion.The main disadvantaged aspect is changing the topographic physiognomic, ruining the ground and the plant, perhaps creating land side, collapse and debris flow, the project rubbish and soil high-erosion and so on. Thus the new soil erosion appeared. After the project complete part of hillside irrigative area can create landsides, the loess tableland can appear collapsible loess widely. The Brooklet area’s ground-water level can rise; some area can appear soil secondary Stalinization.Due to successful experience about fathering little watershed ,water and soil protection, building agriculture environment , the paper progress the measures on environment and bring forword viable ways on fathering and protecting environment.The results are the project will bring some disadvantaged infection on water environment during a period and in some parts. The bad aspects can be lightened maximum. At all, the project will improve water lack, increase water for environment, advantage the condition for agriculture work and advance the level of people living, resolve penury result by water lack, change appearances in the central of Gansu province.更多还原