【作者】 史娟；

【导师】 杨之为；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物病理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 葡萄霜霉病（Plasmopara viticola）遍及全世界所有的葡萄产区，是危害葡萄最重要的真菌病害之一，给葡萄生产造成严重的经济损失。现在此病已成为宁夏葡萄生产上的一个重要病害，必需加以大力防治。本研究通过田间调查、实地调查和室内分析，对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒和鲜食葡萄田间抗病性和抗性机制进行了较为系统的研究，获得了以下结果。通过田间自然发病调查和室内接种，结果表明，宁夏贺兰山东麓主栽的酿酒和鲜食葡萄品种均感染霜霉病，但酿酒和鲜食葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性上具有一定的差异。反应型从 2 级到 4 级。其中酿酒品种均为 2 级，鲜食品种为 3 级和 4级。酿酒品种比鲜食品种抗病。纤维素膜技术研究表明，抗性不同的葡萄叶片表面的分泌物质对游动孢子囊的萌发的抑制作用无明显的差异。不同葡萄品种的抗病性反映了它们的抗病基因的存在和这些基因表达的速度、程度以及基因表达所产生的抗病物质的量。通过对抗病不同的葡萄品种感染霜霉病菌后，叶片中几丁质酶，β-1，3-葡聚糖酶、过氧化物酶，多酚氧化酶与霜霉病的关系分析表明，霜霉病菌能诱导葡萄叶片丁质酶，β-1，3-葡聚糖酶、过氧化物酶，多酚氧化酶的积累，但在积累的速度和幅度上抗病品种和感病品种有显著的差异。抗病品种赤霞珠无论是在积累的速度，还是幅度上均比感病品种红提、乍娜、龙眼高，且高活性维持的时间长。苯丙烷类代谢与植物抗病性有着密切的关系。不同抗性的葡萄品种感染霜霉病菌后，葡萄叶片中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、绿原酸、木质素的含量，抗病品种比感病品种高。过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱分析表明：感病后，不同抗病品种的酶带数均增加，抗病品种赤霞珠酶带数增加、着色深，而龙眼则酶带数少且着色淡。无论是抗病品种还是感病品种，都随感病程度增加，病情加重，酶带数均减少、酶带颜色变淡。更多还原

【Abstract】 The grapevine downy mildew,[Plasmopara viticola (Berk.et Curt.)Ber.et de Toni] distributes all grapevine production areas in the world.It isone of the most important fungi diseasea，which damages the grapevine，leads to a serious economic loss to grapevine production.In resentyears,the diseasa occurs in Ningxia grapevine productive areas seriously，which must be controlled.The studies on field resistance to grapevinedowny mildew and resistant mechanism of wine-making and tablegrapevine varieties in the Helan Mountain east-slope of Ningxia，throughfield investigation，indoor analyses，obtained the results as follows: Through field investigation and experinent of indoor inoculation，theresults showed that all varieties，including wine-making and tablegrapevine，were infected by grapevine downy mildew，but the resistanceshad difference between wine-making and table grapevine，infective typeranged from 2(HR) to 4(HS)，the wine-making varieties are 2，the tablevarieties of grapevine are 3 and 4.wine-making grapevine varieties aremore resistant the table grapevine varieties.The study on lignosetechnique showed that lnhibiting effects of the secretion in surface of leafof grapevine to germination of sporangia have’nt a significant difference. The resistance to the disease of different grapevine varieties reflectedexistence of its resistant gene and speed,degree and quantity of resistantsubstance that the gene expressed.The results of analyses on relationshipbetween chitinase，β-1，3-glucanase，PO，PPO in leves of grapevineinfected by Plasmopara viticola and the disease showed that the pathogenof grapevine downy mildew can derive accumulation of these enzymes，<WP=7>but accumulated speed and quantity of these enzymes existed asignificant difference between resistant varieties and susceptiblevarieties，,increase in activity of these enzymes in resistant variety，Cabernet Sauvignon were faster and higher than those on susceptiblevarieties，hongti，Zana，Longyang，and the time of keeping high activityof these enzymes were longer than others. The relationship between matabolisem of phenylalanine and resistanceof plants to diseases was significant .These varieties of differentresistances were infected by Plasmopara viticola，the content of PAL，chlorogenic acid and lignin in the resistant variety, Cabernet Sauvignonwas longer than those in susceptible varieties. The results of analyses of peroxidase isozymes showed that theactivity of enzymes in all varieties infected by p.viticola increased，butthe quantity of enzymatic belt，enzymatic colour are more and deeper inthe resistant variety, Chit izzhu than that of susceptible variety, Longyan，but the quantity of enzymatic belt decreased，the colour of enzymatic beltpaled in resistant and susceptible varieties in company with increase ofdisease degree.更多还原