【作者】 王黎萍；

【导师】 侯军岐；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会的发展和经济体制改革的不断深入，农村土地权利的内容越来越丰富，农村土地流转的方式越来越多，农村土地流转的范围也越来越广。无论是理论研究、立法还是实践，都存在一个共同的问题，即如何建立一个公正、合理的农村土地权利与流转体系？本文试图借鉴大陆法系民法学物权理论、经济学中的地租理论、土地科学中的地价理论，吸收我国物权研究的新成果，结合农村土地权利与流转的试点，坚持理论与实践相结合，采用历史分析法、系统分析法、比较研究法，提出了我国农村土地权利与流转的体系和实施措施。论文提出打破以生产资料为基础的国有土地和集体土地的所有制界限，把农民所有的集体土地与国家所有依法由农民集体使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他依法用于农业的土地纳入同一范畴进行权利与流转的研究；把农村土地静态的权利、动态的流转进行相结合，建立多层次、多方式的农村土地权利与流转体系。论文在农村土地权利法律关系要素方面，提出其主体资格应该得到法律的确认，权利主体应该推选代表人；客体方面，认为其客体属于民法理论中的无体物，其客体范围应该扩大到土地物权的权利和收益；内容方面应包括基本的他物权。在农村土地权利体系方面，构建了与大陆法系类似的农村土地权利体系。把农村土地权利分为农村土地所有权和农村土地他物权，农村土地他物权包括农村土地用益物权、农村土地担保物权。并提出了我国农村土地他物权和农村土地担保物权应该设置的种类。建议在立法中使用他物权、土地用益物权概念；对我国民法中已经实质规定的地上权、地下权、地役权予以明确；与《房地产管理法》规定的典权相对应，规定农村土地权利的典权。论文在农村土地流转体系方面，提出了一、二、三级市场体系。一级市场包括农村土地他物权的出让、租赁、作价出资或入股，二级市场包括农村土地他物权的转让、出租，以及三级市场农村土地他物权的抵押。农村土地权利的流转可以采用协议、招标、拍卖的方式。提出了农村土地流转的期限、权利价格的确定方式和内涵。实施措施方面，提出要进行配套制度的改革。首先，进行征地制度的改革，缩小国有土地使用权范围，明确界定“公共利益”概念，对于“公共利益”以外项目，确需变动集体土地所有权为国家所有权的，采用征购土地的方式。其次，推行农村土地股权化。第三，要加强地籍管理工作，确保农村土地权利流转的安全性。第四，建立健全农村社会保障制度。第五，完善户籍管理制度。 <WP=5>更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economic structure reform, the content of rural land authority has become richer ,the measures and scope of the rural land exchange have been raised. What has been existed in theoretical study , legislation and practice is how to found an evenhanded and rational rum[ land right and exchange system.The Chinese mare land right and exchange system is designated in this article, the practical measures are raised either which profitably share the experience of the real right theory in science of civil law in continental law system, rent theory in economics and land price theory in science of land .These points have also been connected with new achievement in Chinese real right theory study and some experiments in rural area .Historic systematic and comparative analytic ways are adopted here.In this article, the limit based on the means of production stated owned or collective owned has been broken ,Not only the land collective owned but also the cultivated land ,wood land and pasture the stated owned used by peasants are taken together to found a multifaceted , terrified system within the static right and dynamic exchange of the rural land. This article raised its points as follows: first, the essential law factors. The status of a subject must be confirmed by !aw, and delegates should be elected. Second, the object factors. The object is considered as property in action in Civil Law system, its scope should be expanded to the real right and profit. Third, the basic right over the property of another should be concluded. The rural land authority that is similar with the one in continental law system has been divided into two categories: law of’ property and right over the property of another. The later concludes tic usufruct and the warranty deed, and its categories are raised here too. It is suggested that right over the property of another and usufruct should be used in legislation, the superficies, radial servitude in Civil Law should be clarified, the standard of rural land authority should match with what has been prescribed in Real Estate Administration Law A first market - parallel market – tripe market system is set up in exchange system. The first market concludes the sell, rent, evaluation and holding shares of the right over the property of another. The parallel market concludes conveyance and hire. The tripe market concludes the mortgage of it, The exchange of land authority can adopt the means of agreement, inviting <WP=6>bids and auction, the definite ways and intentions of its time limit, price are also raised.In practical factors, coordinated reform is put forward. First, reform the requisition of land, reduce the use scope of state owned land, clarify the concept of "public welfare", if beyond it, use the means of stat, purchase. Second, enforce the share fight direction of rural land. Third, strengthen ibc arrangement of land register to guarantee its safe in exchange. Forth, set up and improve the social security system. Last, consummate the household registration system.更多还原